Wolpert's French Flag: what's the problem?
Wolpert's French Flag: what's the problem?
复制标题
沃尔珀特的法国国旗：有什么问题吗？
作者：
J. Sharpe
摘要归因于刘易斯·沃尔伯特的两个短语--位置信息和法国国旗模型--已经变得如此相互交织，以至于现在它们几乎可以互换使用。在这里，我认为这代表了沃尔伯特的思想不幸地过于简单化，在他的关键论文发表后的一段重要时间里，沃尔伯特的思想逐渐在发育生物界兴起。与人们的普遍看法不同的是，沃尔伯特没有使用法国国旗“模式”一词，而是引入了法国国旗“问题”。这个著名的比喻并不是关于模式化如何工作的建议，而是对要解决的问题的抽象。更具体地说，法国国旗的比喻是试图将问题与多种可能解决问题的车型脱钩。本着这种精神，Wolpert关于这个主题的第一篇文章还提出了(除了众所周知的梯度模型之外)法国国旗问题的另一种解决方案，该方案是自组织的，没有梯度，其中每个细胞“无法计算出它在系统中的位置”，即没有位置信息。我讨论了这些术语的历史和演变，以及它们如何影响我们学习图案的方式。摘要：本期聚焦讨论了沃尔伯特如何以及为什么将法国国旗比喻引入发育生物学，但他最初的想法可能被社区过于简化了。
ABSTRACT Two phrases attributed to Lewis Wolpert – ‘positional information’ and ‘The French Flag Model’ – have become so intertwined that they are now used almost interchangeably. Here, I argue that this represents an unfortunate oversimplification of Wolpert's ideas that arose gradually in the developmental biology community, some significant time after his key papers were published. In contrast to common belief, Wolpert did not use the phrase French Flag ‘Model’ but instead introduced the French Flag ‘Problem’. This famous metaphor was not a proposal of how patterning works, but rather an abstraction of the question to be addressed. More specifically, the French flag metaphor was an attempt to de-couple the problem from the multiple possible models that could solve it. In this spirit, Wolpert's first article on this topic also proposed (in addition to the well-known gradient model) an alternative solution to the French Flag Problem that was self-organising and had no gradients, and in which each cell ‘cannot compute where it is in the system’, i.e. there is no positional information. I discuss the history and evolution of these terms, and how they influence the way we study patterning. Summary: This Spotlight discusses how and why Wolpert introduced the French Flag metaphor into developmental biology, but how his original idea was probably oversimplified by the community.
影响因子：
4
作者：
Jaeger, Johannes;Reinitz, John
通讯作者：
Reinitz, John
DOI：
10.1016/s0070-2153(07)81002-7
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
MULTISCALE MODELING OF DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Umulis, David;O'Connor, Michael B.;Othmert, Hans G.
通讯作者：
Othmert, Hans G.
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Huang, AM;Rusch, J;Levine, M
通讯作者：
Levine, M