The legacy of disadvantage: multigenerational neighborhood effects on cognitive ability.
The legacy of disadvantage: multigenerational neighborhood effects on cognitive ability.
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DOI：
10.1086/660009
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发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Elwert F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharkey P;Elwert F
这项研究探讨了家庭多代人经历的邻里环境如何影响儿童的认知能力。最近的研究表明，在邻里环境的连续性强的几代家庭成员的基础上，我们认为一个修改后的角度“邻里效应”，认为在其中的邻里环境在一代人可能会对下一代产生挥之不去的影响。具体说明这种多代效应不仅是一个理论问题，而且在方法上提出了相当大的挑战。而不是传统的回归技术，可能会掩盖邻里劣势的多代影响，我们利用新开发的方法，旨在产生无偏的治疗效果时，治疗和混杂因素随时间而变化。研究结果证实了社区和认知能力之间存在着强有力的联系，这种联系可以跨越几代人。一代人在高度贫困的社区长大，对下一代儿童的认知能力有很大的负面影响。一个家庭连续两代人都处于邻里贫困之中，会使儿童的认知能力降低一半以上的标准差。一个正式的敏感性分析表明，结果是强大的未观察到的选择偏差。
This study examines how the neighborhood environments experienced over multiple generations of a family influence children’s cognitive ability. Building on recent research showing strong continuity in neighborhood environments across generations of family members, we argue for a revised perspective on “neighborhood effects” that considers the ways in which the neighborhood environment in one generation may have a lingering impact on the next generation. To specify such multigenerational effects is not simply a theoretical problem, but poses considerable methodological challenges. Instead of traditional regression techniques that may obscure multigenerational effects of neighborhood disadvantage, we utilize newly developed methods designed to generate unbiased treatment effects when treatments and confounders vary over time. The results confirm a powerful link between neighborhoods and cognitive ability that extends across generations. Being raised in a high-poverty neighborhood in one generation has a substantial negative effect on child cognitive ability in the next generation. A family’s exposure to neighborhood poverty across two consecutive generations reduces child cognitive ability by more than half a standard deviation. A formal sensitivity analysis suggests that results are robust to unobserved selection bias.
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