Stability Analysis of a Charge Pump Phase-Locked Loop Using Autonomous Difference Equations

Stability Analysis of a Charge Pump Phase-Locked Loop Using Autonomous Difference Equations
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使用自治差分方程的电荷泵锁相环稳定性分析

DOI:
10.1109/tcsi.2014.2333331
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hilleringmann
Hilleringmann
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hangmann;Hedayat;Hilleringmann

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CP-PLL是现代通信电路中的常见元件。它用于频率合成、同步、时钟和数据恢复等。由于CP-PLL构成了一个混合信号结构和非线性行为,很难用一般的理论来描述这个反馈系统的动态行为。因此,传统上应用CP-PLL的线性连续时间和线性离散时间模型来定义系统的稳定性。这些线性模型的缺点是早期线性化,这消除了考虑回路中非线性效应的可能性。线性模型的另一个缺点是由于非常小的相位误差的假设而导致的有限的有效性。为了克服这些局限性,本文利用事件驱动模型引入一组自治差分方程。这些自治差分方程用于推导CP-PLL的可靠稳定性条件。虽然这种方法适用于任意顺序的CP-PLL,三阶环路被认为是显示这种方法的适用性。为了评估所获得的稳定性边界,它是比较成熟的加德纳稳定性准则,以及经常使用的经验边界的一组众多的模拟。
The CP-PLL is a common component in modern communication circuits. It is used among others in frequency synthesis, synchronization and clock and data recovery. Since the CP-PLL constitutes a mixed-signal architecture and a nonlinear behavior, it is difficult to use general theories to characterize the dynamic behavior of this feedback system. Therefore, linear continuous-time and linear discrete-time models of the CP-PLL are traditionally applied to define the stability of the system. The disadvantage of these linear models is the early linearization which eliminates the possibility of considering the effect of nonlinearities in the loop. Another drawback of the linear models is the limited validity due to the assumption of very small phase errors. To overcome these limitations, an event-driven model is utilized in this paper to introduce a set of autonomous difference equations. These autonomous difference equations are used to derive a reliable stability condition of the CP-PLL. Although this approach is applicable for arbitrary ordered CP-PLLs, a third order loop is considered to show the suitability of this approach. To assess the obtained stability boundary, it is compared to the well-established stability criterion of Gardner as well as to the often used Empirical Boundary by a set of numerous simulations.
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