Enantioselective radical conjugate additions driven by a photoactive intramolecular iminium-ion-based EDA complex.

Enantioselective radical conjugate additions driven by a photoactive intramolecular iminium-ion-based EDA complex.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-05375-2
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发表时间:
2018-08-16
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Melchiorre P
Melchiorre P
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cao ZY;Ghosh T;Melchiorre P

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电子给体-受体(EDA)配合物的光化学活性为在温和条件下产生自由基提供了途径。这一策略已在化学合成和最近的对映选择性催化中得到应用。报道的方法经典地依赖于分子间EDA复合物的形成,由两种合适的试剂聚集而产生。在此,我们进一步扩展了这一策略的合成效用,证明了分子内EDA复合物可以触发光化学催化对映选择性自由基过程。这种方法使自由基共轭加成到β-取代环烯酮形成具有高立体控制的季碳立体中心,使用可见光照射。成功的关键是使用胺催化剂,修饰有咔唑部分,在与烯酮缩合后产生手性胺离子,在可见区域显示出宽的吸收带。这种光学性质源于富电子咔唑核和缺电子的铝双键之间的分子内电荷转移π -π相互作用。在对映选择性催化中,电子供体-受体(EDA)复合物通常以分子间的方式被光化学激活。在这里,作者报告了在没有外部光氧化还原催化剂的情况下,通过分子内EDA配合物对β-取代环烯酮进行立体选择性共轭加成。
The photochemical activity of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes provides a way to generate radicals under mild conditions. This strategy has found application in chemical synthesis and recently in enantioselective catalysis. Reported methods classically relied on the formation of intermolecular EDA complexes, generated upon aggregation of two suitable reagents. Herein, we further expand the synthetic utility of this strategy demonstrating that an intramolecular EDA complex can trigger a photochemical catalytic enantioselective radical process. This approach enables radical conjugate additions to β-substituted cyclic enones to form quaternary carbon stereocenters with high stereocontrol using visible light irradiation. Crucial for success is the use of an amine catalyst, adorned with a carbazole moiety, which generates, upon condensation with enones, chiral iminium ions that show a broad absorption band in the visible region. This optical property originates from an intramolecular charge transfer π–π interaction between the electron-rich carbazole nucleus and the electron-deficient iminium double bond. In enantioselective catalysis, electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes are usually photochemically activated in an intermolecular fashion. Here, the authors report the stereoselective conjugate addition to β-substituted cyclic enones proceeding without external photoredox catalysts via an intramolecular EDA complex.
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