Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure.

Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1256022
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发表时间:
2015-02-20
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brash DE
Brash DE
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Premi S;Wallisch S;Mano CM;Weiner AB;Bacchiocchi A;Wakamatsu K;Bechara EJ;Halaban R;Douki T;Brash DE

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日光诱导的黑色素瘤突变是由环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)引起的,CPD是一种DNA光产物,通常在紫外线(UV)光子被胸腺嘧啶或胞嘧啶吸收后皮秒产生。在这里,我们表明,在黑色素细胞中,CPD在暴露于UVA(阳光和晒黑床中辐射的主要成分)后产生50至30小时。这些“暗CPD”构成了大部分CPD,包括启动紫外线特征C→T突变的含胞嘧啶的CPD。当紫外线诱导的活性氧和氮结合激发黑色素片段中的一个电子时,就会出现暗CPD。这创造了一个量子三重态,它具有紫外线光子的能量,但通过以辐射无关的方式将能量转移到DNA来诱导CPD。因此,黑色素可能具有致癌作用,也可能具有抗癌作用。这些发现也证实了长期以来的观点,即化学产生的激发态与哺乳动物生物学有关。
Mutations in sunlight-induced melanoma arise from cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), DNA photoproducts that are typically created picoseconds after an ultraviolet (UV) photon is absorbed at thymine or cytosine. Here we show that in melanocytes, CPD are generated for >3 hours after exposure to UVA, a major component of the radiation in sunlight and in tanning beds. These “dark CPD” constitute the majority of CPD and include the cytosine-containing CPD that initiate UV-signature C→T mutations. Dark CPD arise when UV-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species combine to excite an electron in fragments of the pigment melanin. This creates a quantum triplet state that has the energy of a UV photon but that induces CPD by energy transfer to DNA in a radiation-independent manner. Melanin may thus be carcinogenic as well as protective against cancer. These findings also validate the long-standing suggestion that chemically-generated excited electronic states are relevant to mammalian biology.
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