Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure.
Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1256022
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发表时间:
2015-02-20
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brash DE
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Premi S;Wallisch S;Mano CM;Weiner AB;Bacchiocchi A;Wakamatsu K;Bechara EJ;Halaban R;Douki T;Brash DE
Mutations in sunlight-induced melanoma arise from cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), DNA photoproducts that are typically created picoseconds after an ultraviolet (UV) photon is absorbed at thymine or cytosine. Here we show that in melanocytes, CPD are generated for >3 hours after exposure to UVA, a major component of the radiation in sunlight and in tanning beds. These “dark CPD” constitute the majority of CPD and include the cytosine-containing CPD that initiate UV-signature C→T mutations. Dark CPD arise when UV-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species combine to excite an electron in fragments of the pigment melanin. This creates a quantum triplet state that has the energy of a UV photon but that induces CPD by energy transfer to DNA in a radiation-independent manner. Melanin may thus be carcinogenic as well as protective against cancer. These findings also validate the long-standing suggestion that chemically-generated excited electronic states are relevant to mammalian biology.
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