Perceiving transparency from opaque surface materials
Perceiving transparency from opaque surface materials
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从不透明表面材料感知透明度
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2007735117
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Todd, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Todd, James
我们很容易对大师级画家和雕塑家描绘悬垂布料的能力感到惊讶，特别是与那些对布料的描绘往往显得不太正确的二流艺术家相比。悬垂的布料很难表现，因为它的可见外观受到许多因素的影响，包括布料本身的属性（例如，它的厚度和刚度）以及它所覆盖的物体的形状。透明布的描绘更加困难，因为艺术家必须传达两个不同表面的印象（图1，左）。画家能够操纵颜色和阴影来实现这种效果，这些操纵的感知后果已经被广泛研究（1-4）。然而，这些工具对雕塑家来说是不可用的。雕塑中透明的外观必须完全基于雕塑对象的三维（3D）形状。菲利普斯和弗莱明（5）的文章“面纱处女说明了形状的视觉分割的原因”是一个科学的调查人类观察者如何能够解释透明的存在完全由不透明材料组成的固体形状。指导这项研究的核心假设之一是，物体的形状可以提供有关其形成过程的信息。这个想法最早是由伟大的苏格兰博物学家达西温特沃斯汤普森（6）在世纪前提出的，它已经得到了更充分的发展，在最近的一系列著作中使用群论迈克尔莱顿（7，8）。菲利普斯和弗莱明（5）推测，这种方法可能有助于理解观察者对图1所示的遮盖物体的感知。他们推断，如果观察者能够辨别出不同形状特征的因果起源，那么就应该能够识别哪些特征主要由面纱引起，哪些特征主要由底层物体引起。
It is easy to marvel at the abilities of master painters and sculptors to depict draped cloth, especially in comparison with lesser artists whose depictions of cloth may often appear not quite right. Draped cloth is difficult to represent because its visible appearance is influenced by many factors, including the properties of the cloth itself (eg, its thickness and stiffness) and also the shape of the object over which it is draped. The depiction of transparent cloth is even more difficult, because the artist must convey the impression of two distinct surfaces (Fig. 1, Left). Painters are able to manipulate color and shading to achieve that effect, and the perceptual consequences of those manipulations have been studied extensively (1–4). However, those tools are not available to sculptors. The appearance of transparency in a sculpture must be based entirely on the threedimensional (3D) shape of the sculpted object. The article by Phillips and Fleming (5) on “The Veiled Virgin illustrates visual segmentation of shape by cause” is a scientific investigation of how human observers are able to interpret the presence of transparency in solid shapes composed entirely of opaque materials. One of the central hypotheses that guided this research is that the shape of an object can provide information about the morphogenic processes with which it was created. This idea was first proposed over a century ago by the great Scottish naturalist D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (6), and it has been developed more fully using group theory in a series of recent books by Michael Leyton (7, 8). Phillips and Fleming (5) speculated that this approach might be useful for understanding observers’ perceptions of veiled objects like the ones shown in Fig. 1. If observers can discern the causal origins of different shape features, they reasoned, then it should be possible to identify which features are primarily caused by the veil, and which ones are primarily caused by the underlying object.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
Topical Meeting on Color Appearance
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Beck;R. Ivry
通讯作者：
R. Ivry
对局部三维形状的感知。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Phillips;J. Todd
通讯作者：
J. Todd