Burrow Dusting or Oral Vaccination Prevents Plague-Associated Prairie Dog Colony Collapse.

Burrow Dusting or Oral Vaccination Prevents Plague-Associated Prairie Dog Colony Collapse.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10393-017-1236-y
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发表时间:
2017-09
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Miller MW
Miller MW
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tripp DW;Rocke TE;Runge JP;Abbott RC;Miller MW

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鼠疫影响草原犬鼠(Cynomys spp.),濒临灭绝的黑足雪貂(Mustela nigripes)和其他敏感的野生动物物种。我们在黑尾草原犬鼠中比较了预防性治疗(用溴氰菊酯进行洞穴除尘或口服重组“森林鼠疫疫苗”[RCN-F1/V307])与安慰剂治疗的有效性(C. ludovicianus)殖民地。在2013年至2015年期间,我们在接受灰尘,疫苗或安慰剂治疗的一式三份地块(“块”)上测量了草原土拨鼠的表观存活率,洞穴活动和跳蚤丰度。动物鼠疫影响了所有三个街区,但出现的时间并不同步。灰尘区每个洞穴的跳蚤较少(P < 0.0001),在灰尘区捕获的土拨鼠比疫苗或安慰剂区的跳蚤少(P < 0.0001)。当动物鼠疫流行时,安慰剂样地的洞穴活动和土拨鼠密度急剧下降。在相应的灰尘和疫苗地块的模式是不太一致的,并出现了强烈的影响,治疗应用相对于鼠疫出现的时间。溴氰菊酯或口服疫苗接种增强了两个区组内的表观存活率。在动物流行病出现之前使用杀虫剂或疫苗减弱了鼠疫对草原土拨鼠生存和数量的影响,从而防止了群体崩溃。成功的鼠疫缓解可能需要在大的菌落或菌落复合体中策略性地结合使用洞穴除尘和口服疫苗。本文的在线版本(doi:10.1007/s10393-017-1236-y)包含补充材料,可供授权用户使用。
Plague impacts prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), the endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) and other sensitive wildlife species. We compared efficacy of prophylactic treatments (burrow dusting with deltamethrin or oral vaccination with recombinant “sylvatic plague vaccine” [RCN-F1/V307]) to placebo treatment in black-tailed prairie dog (C. ludovicianus) colonies. Between 2013 and 2015, we measured prairie dog apparent survival, burrow activity and flea abundance on triplicate plots (“blocks”) receiving dust, vaccine or placebo treatment. Epizootic plague affected all three blocks but emerged asynchronously. Dust plots had fewer fleas per burrow (P < 0.0001), and prairie dogs captured on dust plots had fewer fleas (P < 0.0001) than those on vaccine or placebo plots. Burrow activity and prairie dog density declined sharply in placebo plots when epizootic plague emerged. Patterns in corresponding dust and vaccine plots were less consistent and appeared strongly influenced by timing of treatment applications relative to plague emergence. Deltamethrin or oral vaccination enhanced apparent survival within two blocks. Applying insecticide or vaccine prior to epizootic emergence blunted effects of plague on prairie dog survival and abundance, thereby preventing colony collapse. Successful plague mitigation will likely entail strategic combined uses of burrow dusting and oral vaccination within large colonies or colony complexes. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10393-017-1236-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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