Are individual differences in reading speed related to extrafoveal visual acuity and crowding?
Are individual differences in reading speed related to extrafoveal visual acuity and crowding?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0121986
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sommer W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frömer R;Dimigen O;Niefind F;Krause N;Kliegl R;Sommer W
不同的读者在自定进度的阅读速度上有很大的差异。已知影响阅读中注视持续时间的一个因素是旁视中单词的预处理。在这里，我们调查了阅读速度或从即将到来的单词中提取的信息量（预览益处）的个体差异是否可以用中心凹外视觉的基本差异来解释，即，识别有或没有侧翼字母的外围字母的能力。40名参与者进行了适应性测试，以确定他们的偏心率阈值，用于识别孤立的字母（中心凹外视力）或两侧的其他字母（拥挤的字母识别）。在另一项眼动追踪实验中，同样的参与者从左到右阅读单词列表，而即将到来的单词的预览则通过凝视相关的移动窗口技术进行操作。在观察水平上和线性混合模型中分析了相关指标之间的关系。我们获得了高度可靠的估计外凹字母识别（敏锐度和拥挤）和阅读速度的措施（整体阅读速度，大小的预览利益）。窗户大而不拥挤的参与者的阅读速度更快。然而，这种关系的强度是中等的，并且仅在阅读速度的其他方差来源（例如，回归扫视的发生）被消除。此外，在正常阅读中的一个重要因素-总之，这些结果表明中心凹外视力对阅读速度的个体差异有显著的贡献，尽管是中等的。
Readers differ considerably in their speed of self-paced reading. One factor known to influence fixation durations in reading is the preprocessing of words in parafoveal vision. Here we investigated whether individual differences in reading speed or the amount of information extracted from upcoming words (the preview benefit) can be explained by basic differences in extrafoveal vision—i.e., the ability to recognize peripheral letters with or without the presence of flanking letters. Forty participants were given an adaptive test to determine their eccentricity thresholds for the identification of letters presented either in isolation (extrafoveal acuity) or flanked by other letters (crowded letter recognition). In a separate eye-tracking experiment, the same participants read lists of words from left to right, while the preview of the upcoming words was manipulated with the gaze-contingent moving window technique. Relationships between dependent measures were analyzed on the observational level and with linear mixed models. We obtained highly reliable estimates both for extrafoveal letter identification (acuity and crowding) and measures of reading speed (overall reading speed, size of preview benefit). Reading speed was higher in participants with larger uncrowded windows. However, the strength of this relationship was moderate and it was only observed if other sources of variance in reading speed (e.g., the occurrence of regressive saccades) were eliminated. Moreover, the size of the preview benefit—an important factor in normal reading—was larger in participants with better extrafoveal acuity. Together, these results indicate a significant albeit moderate contribution of extrafoveal vision to individual differences in reading speed.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
EVERATT, J;UNDERWOOD, G
通讯作者：
UNDERWOOD, G
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Harrison, William J.;Mattingley, Jason B.;Remington, Roger W.
通讯作者：
Remington, Roger W.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
KING, JW;KUTAS, M
通讯作者：
KUTAS, M
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0901352106
发表时间：
2009-08-04
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Greenwood, John A.;Bex, Peter J.;Dakin, Steven C.
通讯作者：
Dakin, Steven C.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Korinth, Sebastian P.;Sommer, Werner;Breznitz, Zvia
通讯作者：
Breznitz, Zvia