A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States.
A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.003
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发表时间：
2018-12
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Shipherd JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Valentine SE;Shipherd JC
变性人和性别不一致(TGNC)人群，包括那些不认同性别二元结构(男性或女性)的人群，在卫生保健环境中得到越来越多的认可。关于TGNC人群健康的研究正在增加，差异经常被注意到。在这篇综述中，我们检查了1997年1月1日至2017年3月22日发表的77项研究，这些研究报告了TGNC人群的心理健康结果，以(A)描述关于心理健康结果的已知情况，以及(B)描述这些文献中存在的差距。总体而言，抑郁症状、自杀、人际关系创伤暴露、物质使用障碍、焦虑和一般痛苦在TGNC成人中持续上升。我们还使用了少数群体压力模型作为总结现有文献的框架。虽然没有一项研究涵盖了少数民族压力模型的所有要素，但本文概述了哪些研究考察了每种要素。研究结果表明，TGNC人群暴露在各种社会应激源中，包括耻辱、歧视和导致心理健康问题的偏见事件。社会支持、社区联系和有效的应对策略似乎是有益的。我们认为，常规收集性别认同数据可以促进我们对TGNC人群中心理健康风险和复原力因素的理解。
Transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) populations, including those who do not identify with gender binary constructs (man or woman) are increasingly recognized in health care settings. Research on the health of TGNC people is growing, and disparities are often noted. In this review, we examine 77 studies published between January 1, 1997 and March 22, 2017 which reported mental health outcomes in TGNC populations to (a) characterize what is known about mental health outcomes and (b) describe what gaps persist in this literature. In general, depressive symptoms, suicidality, interpersonal trauma exposure, substance use disorders, anxiety, and general distress have been consistently elevated among TGNC adults. We also used the minority stress model as a framework for summarizing existing literature. While no studies included all elements of the Minority Stress Model, this summary gives an overview of which studies have looked at each element. Findings suggest that TGNC people are exposed to a variety of social stressors, including stigma, discrimination, and bias events that contribute to mental health problems. Social support, community connectedness, and effective coping strategies appear beneficial. We argue that routine collection of gender identity data could advance our understanding mental health risk and resilience factors among TGNC populations.
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