Three strategies of transgenic manipulation for crop improvement.
Three strategies of transgenic manipulation for crop improvement.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2022.948518
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Li, Wanchen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu, Haoqiang;Yang, Qingqing;Fu, Fengling;Li, Wanchen
关键词：
外源基因的异源表达、内源基因的过度表达和不良基因的抑制表达是转基因操作在作物改良中的三大策略。截至2020年，全球范围内被批准用于商业投放的作物的单一转基因事件(265起)中的大多数(227起)都是通过第一种战略开发的。其中38个是通过转录反义或双链RNA的合成序列转化的，3个是通过抑制不良基因表达的突变拷贝转化的(第三种策略)。通过第一种和第三种策略，已开发出数百个转基因事件和数千个品种，它们对除草剂和农药的抗性以及营养质量都有显著改善，并获准用于商业释放。它们的应用大大减少了合成农药的使用量，降低了作物生产成本，增加了作物产量和农民的收益。然而，几乎所有过表达内源基因的事件都仍处于测试阶段，除了一个与育性恢复有关的事件和一个与聚合除草剂耐性有关的事件。在构成启动子的控制下，外源基因异源表达所赋予的新功能在受体作物中通常是不存在的，或者以不同的途径执行。然而，由过度表达的内源基因编码的内源蛋白是在复杂的网络中调节的，具有功能冗余和可替换的通路，很难显著地赋予理想的表型。因此，在作物转基因改良中，外源基因的异源表达、RNA干扰抑制外源基因的表达和非期望基因的规律性间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR/CA)的聚集优于内源基因的过度表达。
Heterologous expression of exogenous genes, overexpression of endogenous genes, and suppressed expression of undesirable genes are the three strategies of transgenic manipulation for crop improvement. Up to 2020, most (227) of the singular transgenic events (265) of crops approved for commercial release worldwide have been developed by the first strategy. Thirty-eight of them have been transformed by synthetic sequences transcribing antisense or double-stranded RNAs and three by mutated copies for suppressed expression of undesirable genes (the third strategy). By the first and the third strategies, hundreds of transgenic events and thousands of varieties with significant improvement of resistance to herbicides and pesticides, as well as nutritional quality, have been developed and approved for commercial release. Their application has significantly decreased the use of synthetic pesticides and the cost of crop production and increased the yield of crops and the benefits to farmers. However, almost all the events overexpressing endogenous genes remain at the testing stage, except one for fertility restoration and another for pyramiding herbicide tolerance. The novel functions conferred by the heterologously expressing exogenous genes under the control of constitutive promoters are usually absent in the recipient crops themselves or perform in different pathways. However, the endogenous proteins encoded by the overexpressing endogenous genes are regulated in complex networks with functionally redundant and replaceable pathways and are difficult to confer the desirable phenotypes significantly. It is concluded that heterologous expression of exogenous genes and suppressed expression by RNA interference and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-cas (CRISPR/Cas) of undesirable genes are superior to the overexpression of endogenous genes for transgenic improvement of crops.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cegielska-Taras, Teresa;Pniewski, Tomasz;Szala, Laurencja
通讯作者：
Szala, Laurencja
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Braatz, Janina;Harloff, Hans-Joachim;Jung, Christian
通讯作者：
Jung, Christian
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Anand, A;Zhou, T;Muthukrishnan, S
通讯作者：
Muthukrishnan, S
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bonny, Sylvie
通讯作者：
Bonny, Sylvie
影响因子：
46.9
作者：
Bates, SL;Zhao, JZ;Shelton, AM
通讯作者：
Shelton, AM