Being Human in Cities
Being Human in Cities
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在城市中做人
DOI：
10.1086/685710
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
G. Downey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Downey
城市是生态位建设的密集投资场所，大大改变了生态动态。虽然从进化的角度来看是新的，但城市对人类死亡率和表型有着独特的流行病学和人口统计学影响。然而，城市并不会对所有居民产生相同的影响，特别是随着城市化程度的提高，不平等现象越来越严重;城市景观为居民提供了一套分层的行为生态位。对巴西街头儿童的研究突出了城市景观中存在的机会和对居民的要求：从根本上简化的觅食景观，高能量食物资源的可用性，活动水平下降以及心理健康的挑战。将城市化视为生态位建设突出了城市生活的具体和心理后果，不仅对个人，而且对几代人，因为城市化创造了表型和发展偏见。生态位建设的观点模糊了人类变异的生物和文化方法之间的鸿沟，并提请注意建筑环境和支撑城市生活的社会经济结构的生物后果。以巴西街头儿童为例，本文概述了城市适应的理论意义，作为一个例子，生态位建设动态导致饮食，形态和心理健康的快速变化。
Cities are sites of intense investment in niche construction, substantially altering ecological dynamics. Although novel in evolutionary terms, cities have distinctive epidemiological and demographic effects on human mortality and phenotype. Cities, however, do not affect all of their inhabitants identically, especially with a trend toward greater inequity with increased urbanization; the urban landscape offers a set of stratified behavioral niches to inhabitants. An examination of meninos de rua (street children) in Brazil highlights the opportunities available in urban landscapes and the demands placed on residents: a radically simplified foraging landscape, availability of energy-dense food resources, decreased activity levels, and challenges to mental health. Considering urbanization as niche construction highlights the embodied and psychological consequences of urban life not just on individuals but also over generations as urbanization creates phenotypic and developmental bias. The niche construction perspective blurs the divide between biological and cultural approaches to human variation and draws attention to the biological consequences of the built environment and socioeconomic structures underpinning urban life. Using street children in Brazil as a case study, this paper outlines the theoretical implications of urban adaptation as an example of niche construction dynamics leading to rapid changes in diet, morphology, and mental health.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hill, JO;Peters, JC
通讯作者：
Peters, JC
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Popkin BM;Adair LS;Ng SW
通讯作者：
Ng SW
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Popkin, BM
通讯作者：
Popkin, BM