Microglia and Neonatal Brain Injury.
Microglia and Neonatal Brain Injury.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.023
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Vexler ZS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mallard C;Tremblay ME;Vexler ZS
小胶质细胞现在被认为是健康脑微环境的“守门人”，其功能被破坏会对神经血管完整性、神经元稳态和网络连接产生不利影响。这些细胞在神经退行性疾病条件下是纯毒性的观点受到了不断增加的对其复杂性的理解的挑战，存在广泛的小胶质细胞表型，以及它们以上下文依赖的方式快速变化以减轻或加剧不同性质的损伤的能力。最近的研究表明，小胶质细胞在胚胎和出生后的大脑发育过程中发挥着重要的生理功能，其中一些功能是特定发育阶段所特有的，并且远远超出了感知危险信号和充当抗原呈递细胞的范围。在这篇集中的综述中，我们涵盖了小胶质细胞在调节胚胎血管发生，神经发生和建立出生后大脑发育过程中的网络连接中的作用。我们进一步讨论了与产前和产后感染和炎症相关的新生儿脑损伤的背景依赖性小胶质细胞的贡献，与神经发育障碍，以及围产期缺氧缺血和动脉局灶性卒中有关。我们还强调小胶质细胞表型的多样性，特别是在超微结构水平，和他们的性别依赖的神经发育障碍的病理生理学的影响。
Microglial cells are now recognized as the “gate-keepers” of healthy brain microenvironment with their disrupted functions adversely affecting neurovascular integrity, neuronal homeostasis, and network connectivity. The perception that these cells are purely toxic under neurodegenerative conditions has been challenged by a continuously increasing understanding of their complexity, the existence of a broad array of microglial phenotypes, and their ability to rapidly change in a context-dependent manner to attenuate or exacerbate injuries of different nature. Recent studies have demonstrated that microglial cells exert crucial physiological functions during embryonic and postnatal brain development, some of these functions being unique to particular stages of development, and extending far beyond sensing dangerous signals and serving as antigen presenting cells. In this focused review we cover the roles of microglial cells in regulating embryonic vasculogenesis, neurogenesis, and establishing network connectivity during postnatal brain development. We further discuss context-dependent microglial contribution to neonatal brain injuries associated with prenatal and postnatal infection and inflammation, in relation to neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as perinatal hypoxia–ischemia and arterial focal stroke. We also emphasize microglial phenotypic diversity, notably at the ultrastructural level, and their sex-dependent influence on the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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影响因子：
4.2
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