Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction
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海上风电场建设期间港湾鼠海豚对打桩和船舶活动的广泛反应
DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.664724
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
P. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aude Benhemma;I. Graham;N. Merchant;P. Thompson
海上风电场开发正在扩大，需要评估和减轻对受保护物种的影响。通常，对海洋哺乳动物影响的评估主要集中在打桩上，因为强烈的脉冲噪声会引起不良的行为反应。然而，其他施工活动，如导管套和涡轮机的安装，也会通过增加船舶活动来改变声学栖息地。迄今为止，与建筑有关的船舶活动对形成风电场建筑工地海洋哺乳动物行为反应的贡献一直被忽视，也没有实施任何指导方针或缓解措施。我们比较了两个苏格兰海上风电场基线期和不同建设阶段海港鼠海豚发生和觅食活动的大尺度时空变化。在2017-2019年的施工过程中，回声定位点击探测器（CPODs）阵列被部署在25公里× 25公里的撞击和参考区块中。用回声定位的咔哒声和蜂鸣声分别调查鼠海豚的发生和觅食活动。同时，我们使用校准过的噪声记录仪（SoundTraps和sm2m）来表征宽带噪声水平，并使用AIS数据与工程记录相结合来表征船舶活动。根据冲击梯度设计，我们量化了鼠海豚对声环境和船只活动变化的反应幅度。与基线相比，在打桩和其他施工活动期间，在冲击块中观察到鼠海豚的发生率下降了8-17%。发现鼠海豚和嗡嗡声活动的概率与船只和建筑活动的距离呈正相关，与船只强度和背景噪声水平负相关。在距打桩活动最远12公里处及距建筑船只最远4公里处观察到鼠海豚的位移。海港鼠海豚对这些不同建筑活动的大规模行为反应的证据突出了评估和管理海上风电场所有船舶活动的重要性，以尽量减少人为噪音的潜在影响。
Offshore windfarm developments are expanding, requiring assessment and mitigation of impacts on protected species. Typically, assessments of impacts on marine mammals have focused on pile-driving, as intense impulsive noise elicits adverse behavioral responses. However, other construction activities such as jacket and turbine installation also change acoustic habitats through increased vessel activity. To date, the contribution of construction-related vessel activity in shaping marine mammal behavioral responses at windfarm construction sites has been overlooked and no guidelines or mitigation measures have been implemented. We compared broad-scale spatio-temporal variation in harbor porpoise occurrence and foraging activity between baseline periods and different construction phases at two Scottish offshore windfarms. Following a Before-After Control-Impact design, arrays of echolocation click detectors (CPODs) were deployed in 25 km by 25 km impact and reference blocks throughout the 2017–2019 construction. Echolocation clicks and buzzes were used to investigate porpoise occurrence and foraging activity, respectively. In parallel, we characterized broadband noise levels using calibrated noise recorders (SoundTraps and SM2Ms) and vessel activities using AIS data integrated with engineering records. Following an impact gradient design, we then quantified the magnitude of porpoise responses in relation to changes in the acoustic environment and vessel activity. Compared to baseline, an 8–17% decline in porpoise occurrence was observed in the impact block during pile-driving and other construction activities. The probability of detecting porpoises and buzzing activity was positively related to the distance from vessel and construction activities, and negatively related to levels of vessel intensity and background noise. Porpoise displacement was observed at up to 12 km from pile-driving activities and up to 4 km from construction vessels. This evidence of broad-scale behavioral responses of harbor porpoises to these different construction activities highlights the importance of assessing and managing all vessel activities at offshore windfarm sites to minimize potential impacts of anthropogenic noise.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Metcalfe, Kristian;Breheret, Nathalie;Godley, Brendan J.
通讯作者：
Godley, Brendan J.
使用漂流被动回声定位记录仪研究潮汐流栖息地的港湾鼠海豚
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Wilson B
通讯作者：
Wilson B