Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family.

Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family.
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ATG8:一种自噬相关的泛素样蛋白家族。

DOI:
10.1186/gb-2011-12-7-226
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发表时间:
2011-07-27
期刊:
影响因子:
12.3
通讯作者:
Elazar Z
Elazar Z
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shpilka T;Weidberg H;Pietrokovski S;Elazar Z

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自噬相关蛋白(Atg)是参与自噬过程各个阶段的真核因子。到目前为止,已经在酵母中鉴定了34种Atg,包括关键的自噬蛋白Atg 8。Atg 8基因家族编码泛素样蛋白,其具有由两个氨基末端α螺旋和一个泛素样核心组成的相似结构。Atg 8家族成员在各种组织中表达,它们参与多种细胞过程,如细胞内膜运输和自噬。它们在自噬中的作用已被深入研究。Atg 8蛋白在自噬膜上与磷脂酰乙醇胺发生独特的泛素样结合,这是自噬体形成所必需的过程。酵母只有一个Atg 8基因,而许多其他真核生物则含有多个Atg 8直系同源基因。根据序列相似性,多细胞动物Atg 8基因可分为3个亚家族:微管相关蛋白1轻链3(MAP 1 LC 3或LC 3)、γ-氨基丁酸受体相关蛋白(GABARAP)和高尔基体相关ATP酶增强子16 kDa(GATE-16)。虽然所有三个亚科的基因都在脊椎动物中发现,但一些无脊椎动物谱系已经失去了一个或两个亚科的基因。Atg 8蛋白的氨基末端在亚家族之间变化,并且在其各种功能中具有调节作用。在这里,我们讨论了Atg 8蛋白的进化,并从结构的角度总结了它们在细胞内运输和自噬中的功能的当前观点。
Autophagy-related (Atg) proteins are eukaryotic factors participating in various stages of the autophagic process. Thus far 34 Atgs have been identified in yeast, including the key autophagic protein Atg8. The Atg8 gene family encodes ubiquitin-like proteins that share a similar structure consisting of two amino-terminal α helices and a ubiquitin-like core. Atg8 family members are expressed in various tissues, where they participate in multiple cellular processes, such as intracellular membrane trafficking and autophagy. Their role in autophagy has been intensively studied. Atg8 proteins undergo a unique ubiquitin-like conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine on the autophagic membrane, a process essential for autophagosome formation. Whereas yeast has a single Atg8 gene, many other eukaryotes contain multiple Atg8 orthologs. Atg8 genes of multicellular animals can be divided, by sequence similarities, into three subfamilies: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3 or LC3), γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) and Golgi-associated ATPase enhancer of 16 kDa (GATE-16), which are present in sponges, cnidarians (such as sea anemones, corals and hydras) and bilateral animals. Although genes from all three subfamilies are found in vertebrates, some invertebrate lineages have lost the genes from one or two subfamilies. The amino terminus of Atg8 proteins varies between the subfamilies and has a regulatory role in their various functions. Here we discuss the evolution of Atg8 proteins and summarize the current view of their function in intracellular trafficking and autophagy from a structural perspective.
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发表时间: 2005-11-21
影响因子: 7.8
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