The relationship between sternum variation and mode of locomotion in birds.
The relationship between sternum variation and mode of locomotion in birds.
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鸟类胸骨变异与运动方式的关系。
DOI：
10.1186/s12915-021-01105-1
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发表时间：
2021-08-19
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Evans DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lowi-Merri TM;Benson RBJ;Claramunt S;Evans DC
动力飞行的起源是一种运动创新，它扩大了手盗龙类恐龙的生态潜力，导致现代鸟类（新鸟类）的显着变化。鸟类胸骨是主要飞行肌肉的锚，尽管在形态上变化很大，但尚未从进化或功能的角度进行广泛研究。我们使用3D几何形态测量学方法在广泛的鸟类系统发育范围内量化胸骨变异。使用这个全面的数据集，我们应用遗传学的回归方法来测试胸骨大小异速生长的假设和胸骨形状与大小和运动能力的相关性，包括飞行和高度变化的飞行和游泳风格的新鸟类。我们发现了胸骨尺寸相对于体重的等距证据，并记录了胸骨形状的显着异速生长以及与运动能力的重要相关性，反映了体形和肌肉骨骼变化的影响。其中，我们表明，一个大的胸骨与深或颅侧突出的胸骨龙骨是必要的动力飞行在现代鸟类，更深的胸骨龙骨与较慢，但更强的飞行，强大的尾部胸骨边界与更快的扑翼风格，和狭窄的胸骨与运行能力。形状和运动之间的相关性是显着的，但表现出较弱的解释力，这表明，虽然胸骨形状广泛与运动生态，其他未探索的因素也很重要。这些结果显示了鸟类胸骨的飞行和运动的生态重要性，提供了一个新的理解胸骨的形式和功能的新鸟类。我们的研究奠定了基础，通过强调这一关键因素对鸟类飞行的重要性，估计的运动能力的类鸟类恐龙，新鸟类的祖先，并将是有用的未来工作的起源飞行沿着的鸟类血统。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12915-021-01105-1获得。
The origin of powered avian flight was a locomotor innovation that expanded the ecological potential of maniraptoran dinosaurs, leading to remarkable variation in modern birds (Neornithes). The avian sternum is the anchor for the major flight muscles and, despite varying widely in morphology, has not been extensively studied from evolutionary or functional perspectives. We quantify sternal variation across a broad phylogenetic scope of birds using 3D geometric morphometrics methods. Using this comprehensive dataset, we apply phylogenetically informed regression approaches to test hypotheses of sternum size allometry and the correlation of sternal shape with both size and locomotory capabilities, including flightlessness and the highly varying flight and swimming styles of Neornithes. We find evidence for isometry of sternal size relative to body mass and document significant allometry of sternal shape alongside important correlations with locomotory capability, reflecting the effects of both body shape and musculoskeletal variation. Among these, we show that a large sternum with a deep or cranially projected sternal keel is necessary for powered flight in modern birds, that deeper sternal keels are correlated with slower but stronger flight, robust caudal sternal borders are associated with faster flapping styles, and that narrower sterna are associated with running abilities. Correlations between shape and locomotion are significant but show weak explanatory power, indicating that although sternal shape is broadly associated with locomotory ecology, other unexplored factors are also important. These results display the ecological importance of the avian sternum for flight and locomotion by providing a novel understanding of sternum form and function in Neornithes. Our study lays the groundwork for estimating the locomotory abilities of paravian dinosaurs, the ancestors to Neornithes, by highlighting the importance of this critical element for avian flight, and will be useful for future work on the origin of flight along the dinosaur-bird lineage. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01105-1.
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Bell, Alyssa;Chiappe, Luis M.
通讯作者：
Chiappe, Luis M.
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24195
发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Bribiesca-Contreras, Fernanda;Parslew, Ben;Sellers, William, I
通讯作者：
Sellers, William, I
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BIEWENER, AA
通讯作者：
BIEWENER, AA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dawideit, Britta A.;Phillimore, Albert B.;Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
通讯作者：
Boehning-Gaese, Katrin
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Crandell, K. E.;Howe, R. O.;Falkingham, P. L.
通讯作者：
Falkingham, P. L.