Divisions of the physical world: Concepts of objects and substances.
Divisions of the physical world: Concepts of objects and substances.
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物理世界的划分：物体和物质的概念。
DOI：
10.1037/bul0000011
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Susan J. Hespos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Rips;Susan J. Hespos
我们对物质世界的概念将物体（如椅子）与构成物体的物质（如大量木材）区分开来。一把特定的椅子可能由一大块木头组成，但我们对椅子和木头的看法不同。例如，木头的一部分仍然是木头，但椅子的一部分不是椅子。在这篇文章中，我们将研究对象/实体区分的基础。我们第一次将广泛分布在认知文献中的相关实验汇集在一起，并根据语言学和形而上学的理论来看待这些发现。我们根据早期关于形式和物质的思想，概述了物体和实体之间区别的框架，描述了围绕它的心理学证据，该框架表明，物体的概念包括一种统一的关系和组织，而实体的概念则没有。我们提出，作为一个新的扭曲这个框架，统一和组织的对象是一个功能的因果力量，塑造的对象。与这一观点相一致的是，将一个物品识别为物体的结果取决于关于形状关系存在的线索、由坚固性、形状的重复和其他因素提供的线索。我们还研究了人类婴儿关于物体/物质区别来源的结果，并得出结论，这些数据支持物体和物质知识的早期起源。（PsycINFO数据库记录
Our concepts of the physical world distinguish objects, such as chairs, from substances, such as quantities of wood, that constitute them. A particular chair might consist of a single chunk of wood, yet we think about the chair and the wood in different ways. For example, part of the wood is still wood, but part of the chair is not a chair. In this article we examine the basis of the object/substance distinction. We draw together for the first time relevant experiments widely dispersed in the cognitive literature, and view these findings in the light of theories in linguistics and metaphysics. We outline a framework for the difference between objects and substances, based on earlier ideas about form and matter, describing the psychological evidence surrounding it. The framework suggests that concepts of objects include a relation of unity and organization governing their parts, whereas concepts of substances do not. We propose, as a novel twist on this framework, that unity and organization for objects is a function of causal forces that shape the objects. In agreement with this idea, results on the identification of an item as an object depend on clues about the presence of the shaping relation, clues provided by solidity, repetition of shape, and other factors. We also look at results from human infants about the source of the object/substance distinction and conclude that the data support an early origin for both object and substance knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record
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