Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search

Users choose to engage with more partisan news than they are exposed to on Google Search
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用户选择接触的党派新闻多于他们在 Google 搜索上看到的内容

DOI:
10.1038/s41586-023-06078-5
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Lazer, David
Lazer, David
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Robertson, Ronald E.;Green, Jon;Ruck, Damian J.;Ognyanova, Katherine;Wilson, Christo;Lazer, David

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如果流行的在线平台系统性地让用户接触到党派和不可靠的新闻,它们可能会导致政治两极分化加剧等社会问题。这一担忧是“回音室”和“过滤泡沫”辩论的核心,这些辩论批评用户选择和算法管理在将用户引导到不同的在线信息来源方面所起的作用。这些角色可以被测量为曝光率,定义为在线平台向用户显示的URL,以及参与度,定义为用户选择的URL。然而,由于获得生态上有效的暴露数据--真实用户在他们典型的平台使用期间被展示的数据--的挑战,这方面的研究通常依赖于参与度数据,,,--或对假设暴露,,,-的估计。因此,涉及生态暴露的研究很少,而且主要局限于社交媒体平台,留下了关于网络搜索引擎的悬而未决的问题。为了弥补这些差距,我们进行了一项两波研究,将2018年和2020年美国大选期间谷歌搜索曝光率和参与度的生态有效指标与调查进行配对。在这两波中,我们发现参与者在谷歌搜索和总体上的参与选择中,与他们在谷歌搜索结果中接触到的信息来源相比,更多的是身份一致和不可靠的新闻来源。这些结果表明,在谷歌搜索上接触和接触党派或不可靠的新闻,主要不是由算法策划推动的,而是由用户自己的选择推动的。
If popular online platforms systematically expose their users to partisan and unreliable news, they could potentially contribute to societal issues such as rising political polarization,. This concern is central to the ‘echo chamber’, –and ‘filter bubble’,debates, which critique the roles that user choice and algorithmic curation play in guiding users to different online information sources, –. These roles can be measured as exposure, defined as the URLs shown to users by online platforms, and engagement, defined as the URLs selected by users. However, owing to the challenges of obtaining ecologically valid exposure data—what real users were shown during their typical platform use—research in this vein typically relies on engagement data,,, , , , –or estimates of hypothetical exposure, , , , , –. Studies involving ecological exposure have therefore been rare, and largely limited to social media platforms,, leaving open questions about web search engines. To address these gaps, we conducted a two-wave study pairing surveys with ecologically valid measures of both exposure and engagement on Google Search during the 2018 and 2020 US elections. In both waves, we found more identity-congruent and unreliable news sources in participants’ engagement choices, both within Google Search and overall, than they were exposed to in their Google Search results. These results indicate that exposure to and engagement with partisan or unreliable news on Google Search are driven not primarily by algorithmic curation but by users’ own choices.
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