Semiconductor quantum dots for bioimaging and biodiagnostic applications.
Semiconductor quantum dots for bioimaging and biodiagnostic applications.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155136
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nie S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kairdolf BA;Smith AM;Stokes TH;Wang MD;Young AN;Nie S
半导体量子点是一种纳米尺度的发光粒子，作为一类新的荧光标记出现在化学分析、分子成像和生物医学诊断中。与传统的荧光探针相比，量子点具有独特的光学和电学性质，如尺寸可调的发光、窄而对称的发射光谱和宽的吸收光谱，从而能够同时激发多种荧光颜色。与有机染料和荧光蛋白相比，量子点也更明亮，更耐光漂白。这些特性非常适合于单分子水平的动态成像和超高灵敏度的多路生物医学诊断。在这里，我们讨论量子点的基本性质；下一代量子点的发展；以及它们在生物分析化学、动态细胞成像和医疗诊断中的应用。对于体内和临床成像，量子点的潜在毒性仍然是一个主要问题。然而，含镉量子点的毒性不再是体外诊断的一个因素，因此使用多色量子点进行分子诊断和病理可能是半导体量子点在不久的将来最重要和最具临床意义的应用。
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale that have emerged as a new class of fluorescent labels for chemical analysis, molecular imaging, and biomedical diagnostics. Compared with traditional fluorescent probes, QDs have unique optical and electronic properties such as size-tunable light emission, narrow and symmetric emission spectra, and broad absorption spectra that enable the simultaneous excitation of multiple fluorescence colors. QDs are also considerably brighter and more resistant to photobleaching than are organic dyes and fluorescent proteins. These properties are well suited for dynamic imaging at the single-molecule level and for multiplexed biomedical diagnostics at ultrahigh sensitivity. Here, we discuss the fundamental properties of QDs; the development of next-generation QDs; and their applications in bioanalytical chemistry, dynamic cellular imaging, and medical diagnostics. For in vivo and clinical imaging, the potential toxicity of QDs remains a major concern. However, the toxic nature of cadmium-containing QDs is no longer a factor for in vitro diagnostics, so the use of multicolor QDs for molecular diagnostics and pathology is probably the most important and clinically relevant application for semiconductor QDs in the immediate future.
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