Aptamers in analytics.
Aptamers in analytics.
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DOI：
10.1039/c5an01824b
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发表时间：
2016-03-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nilsen-Hamilton M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ilgu M;Nilsen-Hamilton M
核酸适体是一种很有前途的分析抗体替代品。它们通常通过迭代SELEX协议获得，该协议丰富了合成寡核苷酸的种群，使其能够特异性和贪婪地识别所选的目标分子。适体可以识别范围广泛的靶标。一旦确定并优化了性能，适配体就可以重复合成，并提供其他关键特性，如小尺寸、低成本、灵敏度、特异性、快速响应、稳定性和可重用性。这使它们成为各种分析平台上的传感单元的绝佳选择，包括那些具有电化学，光学和质量敏感转导检测的平台。通过合理设计，利用适体在靶物/分析物结合时发生构象变化的趋势，并利用碱基互补原理驱动核酸结构，开发了许多新的传感策略。尽管它们比抗体有许多优势，但令人惊讶的是，很少有适体被整合到商业上可用的分析设备中。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了如何为其确定的应用选择和设计适配体，开发分析适配体所面临的一些挑战，以及它们在各种分析平台中作为传感器成功表现的许多例子。
Nucleic acid aptamers are promising alternatives to antibodies for analytics. They are generally obtained through an iterative SELEX protocol that enriches a population of synthetic oligonucleotides to a subset that can recognize the chosen target molecule specifically and avidly. A wide range of targets is recognized by aptamers. Once identified and optimized for performance, aptamers can be reproducibly synthesized and offer other key features, like small size, low cost, sensitivity, specificity, rapid response, stability, reusability. This makes them excellent options for sensory units on a variety of analytical platforms including those with electrochemical, optical, and mass sensitive transduction detection. Many novel sensing strategies have been developed by rational design to take advantage of the tendency of aptamers to undergo conformational changes upon target/analyte binding and employing the principles of base complementarity that can drive nucleic acid structure. Despite their many advantages over antibodies, surprisingly few aptamers have yet been integrated into commercially available analytical devices. In this review, we discuss how to select and engineer aptamers for their identified application(s), some of the challenges faced in developing aptamers for analytics and many examples of their reported successful performance as sensors in a variety of analytical platforms.
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