Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open.

Activation of Csm6 ribonuclease by cyclic nucleotide binding: in an emergency, twist to open.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkad739
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发表时间:
2023-10-27
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
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III型CRISPR系统合成环寡腺苷(CoA)第二信使,作为针对入侵的移动遗传元件(MGES)的多方面免疫反应的一部分。CoA激活非特异性CRISPR辅助防御核酸酶,为MGE复制创造一个不利的环境。Csm6核糖核酸酶通过一个CARF(CRISPR相关的Rossmann折叠)结构域与CoA结合,导致一个融合的HEPN(高等真核生物和原核生物核苷酸结合)核糖核酸酶结构域的激活。Csm6酶被广泛应用于新一代检测特定核酸物种的诊断分析中。然而,激活机制尚不完全清楚。在这里,我们表征了环六腺苷(CA6)激活的Csm6‘核糖核酸酶,该酶来自工业重要的嗜热链球菌。Csm6‘在非活性和cA6结合活性状态下的晶体结构揭示了引发mRNA破坏的构象变化。当cA6结合时,CARF和HEPN结构域之间有近60°的旋转,这导致HEPN结构域的‘JAWS’打开并重新定位活性位点残基。这种转变的关键是6H结构域,这是一个连接CARF和HEPN结构域的右旋螺线管结构域,它传递构象变化以供激活。
Type III CRISPR systems synthesize cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers as part of a multi-faceted immune response against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs). cOA activates non-specific CRISPR ancillary defence nucleases to create a hostile environment for MGE replication. Csm6 ribonucleases bind cOA using a CARF (CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold) domain, resulting in activation of a fused HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide binding) ribonuclease domain. Csm6 enzymes are widely used in a new generation of diagnostic assays for the detection of specific nucleic acid species. However, the activation mechanism is not fully understood. Here we characterised the cyclic hexa-adenylate (cA6) activated Csm6’ ribonuclease from the industrially important bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus. Crystal structures of Csm6’ in the inactive and cA6 bound active states illuminate the conformational changes which trigger mRNA destruction. Upon binding of cA6, there is a close to 60° rotation between the CARF and HEPN domains, which causes the ‘jaws’ of the HEPN domain to open and reposition active site residues. Key to this transition is the 6H domain, a right-handed solenoid domain connecting the CARF and HEPN domains, which transmits the conformational changes for activation.
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