Biogeographical ancestry and race.
Biogeographical ancestry and race.
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生物地理血统和种族。
DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsc.2014.05.017
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lisa Gannett
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lisa Gannett
在生物和生物医学研究中使用种族和民族类别是有争议的--例如，在比较不同群体的疾病风险时，或者在基因到染色体的图谱中作为利用或控制群体结构的一种手段。生物地理祖先(BGA)被认为是一个更准确、更合适的分类。BGA是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的生物人类学家马克·施莱弗和现已倒闭的生物技术初创公司DNAPrint Genology，Inc.的分子生物学家托尼·弗鲁达基斯合作的产物。施莱弗和弗卢达基斯将BGA描述为种族和种族的“生物”、“基因”、“自然”和“客观”组成部分的衡量标准，科学哲学家们将这些成分称为自然类型。本文认为，BGA并不是像施莱弗和弗卢达基斯和其他支持者认为的那样，是一种逃避种族和族裔的社会和政治内涵的自然类型，而是一种建立在种族基础上的结构--因为种族已经在欧洲的科学和哲学传统中被社会建构。更具体地说，BGA不是一个生物和人类学分类的全球类别，而是一个由其生产的美国背景形成的局部类别，特别是能够根据在犯罪现场发现的DNA预测未知嫌疑人的种族或民族的法医目标。因此，在接受BGA作为生物和生物医学研究中使用种族和民族类别的替代方法时需要谨慎。
The use of racial and ethnic categories in biological and biomedical research is controversial—for example, in the comparison of disease risk in different groups or as a means of making use of or controlling for population structure in the mapping of genes to chromosomes. Biogeographical ancestry (BGA) has been recommended as a more accurate and appropriate category. BGA is a product of the collaboration between biological anthropologist Mark Shriver from Pennsylvania State University and molecular biologist Tony Frudakis from the now-defunct biotechnology start-up company DNAPrint genomics, Inc. Shriver and Frudakis portray BGA as a measure of the ‘biological’, ‘genetic’, ‘natural’, and ‘objective’ components of race and ethnicity, what philosophers of science would call a natural kind. This paper argues that BGA is not a natural kind that escapes social and political connotations of race and ethnicity, as Shriver and Frudakis and other proponents believe, but a construction that is built upon race—as race has been socially constructed in the European scientific and philosophical traditions. More specifically, BGA is not a global category of biological and anthropological classification but a local category shaped by the U.S. context of its production, especially the forensic aim of being able to predict the race or ethnicity of an unknown suspect based on DNA found at the crime scene. Therefore, caution needs to be exercised in the embrace of BGA as an alternative to the use of racial and ethnic categories in biological and biomedical research.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
M. Shriver;Michael W. Smith;L. Jin;A. Marcini;J. Akey;R. Deka;R. Ferrell
通讯作者：
M. Shriver;Michael W. Smith;L. Jin;A. Marcini;J. Akey;R. Deka;R. Ferrell