Initial pedogenesis in a topsoil crust 3 years after construction of an artificial catchment in Brandenburg, NE Germany
Initial pedogenesis in a topsoil crust 3 years after construction of an artificial catchment in Brandenburg, NE Germany
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德国东北部勃兰登堡人工集水区建成三年后表土结皮的初始成土作用
DOI：
10.1007/s10533-010-9464-z
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hüttl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer;Schaaf;Dümig;Kögel-Knabner;Hüttl
蓝藻和绿藻存在于生物土壤结壳中，即使在极端环境条件下也能在矿物基质上定植。作为先锋生物，它们在栖息地定居的最初阶段起着关键作用。在“鸡溪”人工集水区安装3年后，采样了一个特征地壳，从而代表了生态系统发展的早期演替阶段。年平均降雨量为559 mm，年平均气温为9.3℃。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM/EDX）和红外显微镜（FTIR）研究了未受干扰的生物土壤结皮和下层沙质基质中藻类和蓝藻黏液与土壤矿物质的接触带。地壳的表层厚度约为50 μm，是微生物和矿物沉积的栖息地，下地壳厚度约为2.5 mm，矿物颗粒被有机矿物结构稳定。采用SEM/EDX显微镜分析了元素的空间分布，采用FTIR显微镜和x射线衍射（XRD）对有机化合物和矿物进行了鉴定。地壳中有机碳的浓度大约是母体物质的两倍。与地质基底相比，铁、铝、锰在地壳下部和地壳下近5 mm处发生损耗。这可以解释为灰化的初始阶段。下地壳中含有层状硅酸盐、铁化合物和有机物（OM）的矿物颗粒之间存在桥接结构，可能表明有机-矿物组合的形成。施工3年后，地壳表面的pH值从原始基底的8.1下降到5.1，表明碳酸盐风化迅速。硅酸盐的风化作用无法检测到。
Cyanobacteria and green algae present in biological soil crusts are able to colonize mineral substrates even under extreme environmental conditions. As pioneer organisms, they play a key role during the first phases of habitat colonization. A characteristic crust was sampled 3 years after installation of the artificial water catchment “Chicken creek”, thus representing an early successional stage of ecosystem development. Mean annual rainfall and temperature were 559 mm and 9.3°C, respectively. We combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and infrared (FTIR) microscopy to study the contact zone of algal and cyanobacterial mucilage with soil minerals in an undisturbed biological soil crust and in the subjacent sandy substrate. The crust was characterized by an approximately 50 μm thick surface layer, where microorganisms resided and where mineral deposition was trapped, and by an approximately 2.5 mm thick lower crust where mineral particles were stabilized by organo-mineral structures. SEM/EDX microscopy was used to determine the spatial distribution of elements, organic compounds and minerals were identified using FTIR microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The concentration of organic carbon in the crust was about twice as much as in the parent material. Depletion of Fe, Al and Mn in the lower crust and in the subjacent 5 mm compared to the geological substrate was observed. This could be interpreted as the initial phase of podzolization. Existence of bridging structures between mineral particles of the lower crust, containing phyllosilicates, Fe compounds and organic matter (OM), may indicate the formation of organo-mineral associations. pH decreased from 8.1 in the original substrate to 5.1 on the crust surface 3 years after construction, pointing to rapid weathering of carbonates. Weathering of silicates could not be detected.
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人工集水区
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Schaaf;W. Gerwin;I. Kögel‐Knabner;J. Zeyer;R. Hüttl
通讯作者：
R. Hüttl
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Barker, WW;Banfield, JF
通讯作者：
Banfield, JF
土壤和沉积物中粘土矿物的风化序列。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1948
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Jackson;S. Tyler;A. L. Willis;G. Bourbeau;R. Pennington
通讯作者：
R. Pennington
利用自然 15N 丰度评估内盖夫沙漠西北部沙丘地区的主要氮输入（以色列）
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
R. Russow;M. Veste;T. Littmann
通讯作者：
T. Littmann
德国卢萨蒂亚初始生态系统中生物土壤结皮的发展
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Roland Spröte;M. Veste;T. Fischer;Philipp Lange;O. Bens;T. Raab;R. Hüttl
通讯作者：
R. Hüttl