Formalizing artisanal and small-scale gold mining: A grand challenge of the Minamata Convention
Formalizing artisanal and small-scale gold mining: A grand challenge of the Minamata Convention
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手工和小规模采金业正规化：水俣公约的重大挑战
DOI：
10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.005
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
E. Webb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Prescott;M. Baird;S. Geenen;Bossissi Nkuba;J. Phelps;E. Webb
手工和小规模采金业是世界上最大的人为汞排放源。这些对矿工的健康和环境造成了毁灭性的后果。全世界超过2 000万个体和小规模采金业矿工中的大多数没有得到正式承认、登记、管制或国家法律的保护。正式化-组织、登记和改革ASGM的过程-是《关于汞的水俣公约》规定的。以前为减少手工和小规模采金业的汞排放所做的努力基本上都失败了。我们的观点认为，《公约》的签署方只有通过全面的自下而上的正规化方法，以与矿工合作为中心，并从消费者、大型矿业公司和政府获得大量外部资金，才能成功地减少小规模采金业的汞排放。如果按每个国家的规模计算，这种方法的全球5年成本约为3.55亿美元（估计上限和下限：2.13 - 7.42亿美元），如果按每个矿商的规模计算，则为8.08亿美元（2.48亿-21.7亿美元）。
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the world's largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions and releases. These have devastating consequences for miners' health and the environment. Most of the >20 million ASGM miners worldwide are not officially recognized, registered, regulated, or protected by state laws. Formalization—the process of organizing, registering, and reforming ASGM—is mandated by the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Previous attempts to reduce mercury emissions from ASGM have largely failed. Our perspective argues that signatories to the Convention will only succeed in reducing ASGM mercury emissions and releases with comprehensive bottom-up formalization approaches centered around working with miners, and significant external funding from consumers, large mining corporations, and governments. The approximate global 5-year cost of this approach could be US$355 million (upper and lower estimate bounds: US$213–742 million) if scaled per country, or US$808 million (US$248 million–US$2.17 billion) if scaled per miner.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Chen CY;Driscoll CT;Eagles-Smith CA;Eckley CS;Gay DA;Hsu-Kim H;Keane SE;Kirk JL;Mason RP;Obrist D;Selin H;Selin NE;Thompson MR
通讯作者：
Thompson MR