Gender Expression, Violence, and Bullying Victimization: Findings From Probability Samples of High School Students in 4 US School Districts.
Gender Expression, Violence, and Bullying Victimization: Findings From Probability Samples of High School Students in 4 US School Districts.
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DOI：
10.1111/josh.12606
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Austin SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon AR;Conron KJ;Calzo JP;White MT;Reisner SL;Austin SB
年轻人可能会经历与他们的性别表达有关的校园暴力和欺凌受害者，而与性取向身份无关。然而，性别表达与欺凌和暴力之间的联系尚未在以种族和民族为基础的高中生样本中得到检验。本研究包括4个城市学区2013年青少年危险行为调查中的5469名学生（13-18岁）。受访者中51%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔，21%为黑人/非裔美国人，14%为白人。采用广义加性模型检验了自我报告的性别表达（范围：1=最符合性别，7=最不符合性别）与暴力和欺凌受害的5个指标之间的关系的功能形式。我们估计了性别表达的预测概率，调整了性取向、身份和潜在的混杂因素。统计上显著的二次关联表明，与处于量表中间的女孩和男孩相比，处于性别一致性和非一致性最末端的女孩和男孩发生打架和打架相关伤害的概率更高（p < 0.05）。性别表达与霸凌受害存在显著的线性关系；性别不一致性每增加一个单位，遭受欺凌的几率就增加15% （p < 0.0001）。基于学校的受害与性别规范的一致性和不一致性有关。校园暴力预防项目应包括性别多样性教育。
Young people may experience school-based violence and bullying victimization related to their gender expression, independent of sexual orientation identity. However, the associations between gender expression and bullying and violence have not been examined in racially and ethnically diverse population-based samples of high school students. This study includes 5469 students (13–18 years) from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted in 4 urban school districts. Respondents were 51% Hispanic/Latino, 21% black/African-American, 14% white. Generalized additive models were used to examine the functional form of relationships between self-reported gender expression (range: 1=Most gender conforming, 7=Most gender nonconforming) and 5 indicators of violence and bullying victimization. We estimated predicted probabilities across gender expression by sex, adjusting for sexual orientation identity and potential confounders. Statistically significant quadratic associations indicated that girls and boys at the most gender conforming and nonconforming ends of the scale had elevated probabilities of fighting and fighting-related injury, compared to those in the middle of the scale (p < .05). There was a significant linear relationship between gender expression and bullying victimization; every unit increase in gender nonconformity was associated with 15% greater odds of experiencing bullying (p < .0001). School-based victimization is associated with conformity and nonconformity to gender norms. School violence prevention programs should include gender diversity education.
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DOI：
10.1002/cd.215
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
INTERSECTIONS OF PERSONAL AND SOCIAL IDENTITIES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brown, Lyn Mikel;Tappan, Mark B.
通讯作者：
Tappan, Mark B.
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
KATZ, J
通讯作者：
KATZ, J
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Jewkes, R.;Morrell, R.
通讯作者：
Morrell, R.
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-835x.2010.02022.x
发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Ewing Lee, Elizabeth A.;Troop-Gordon, Wendy
通讯作者：
Troop-Gordon, Wendy
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Iwamoto, Derek Kenji;Cheng, Alice;Gordon, Derrick
通讯作者：
Gordon, Derrick