Explanation for why the early universe was stable and dominated by the standard model
Explanation for why the early universe was stable and dominated by the standard model
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解释为什么早期宇宙是稳定的并由标准模型主导
DOI：
10.1088/1475-7516/2020/12/025
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Jain, Mudit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertzberg, Mark P.;Jain, Mudit
标准模型（SM）在高尺度下具有不稳定性，在暴胀期间或之后将是灾难性的，但没有新的物理学被认为可以改变这一点。此外，量子引力的现代发展表明SM自由度不是唯一的;典型的低能有效理论应该包括大量的隐藏扇区自由度。因此，令人困惑的是，BBN和CMB的宇宙学约束揭示了早期宇宙几乎完全由SM主导，当时暴胀子的能量可以衰减成许多扇区。在这项工作中，我们提出了以下解释：我们允许最低维算子与暴胀子和希格斯玻色子和隐藏扇区之间的自然系数。这样的隐藏扇区被假设为完全自然的;这意味着所有未受保护的质量被推到高尺度并投影到光谱之外，而只有无质量（或受保护）的自由度仍然存在，因此暴胀子只能通过更高维度（和抑制）的算子重新加热这些扇区。另一方面，SM具有一个特殊的功能：它包含一个轻的希格斯H，可能是为了生命的存在，因此它允许与暴胀子H <$H的超重整化耦合，这允许快速衰变到SM。我们表明，这自然（i）消除了希格斯势在暴胀期间和之后的不稳定性，这是由于树级效应，当通过暴胀子质量时，增加了希格斯自耦合从IR到UV的值，（ii）解释了为什么SM在早期宇宙中占主导地位，特别是我们计算了扇区的相对温度和丰度，（iii）允许暗物质通过随后的强动力学（或轴子等）在隐藏的扇区中形成，（iv）允许高再加热和可能的重子生成，以及（v）解释为什么到目前为止没有直接探测到暗物质或超越SM的新物理。
The Standard Model (SM) possesses an instability at high scales that would be catastrophic during or just after inflation, and yet no new physics has been seen to alter this. Furthermore, modern developments in quantum gravity suggest that the SM degrees of freedom are not unique; that a typical low energy effective theory should include a large assortment of hidden sector degrees of freedom. It is therefore puzzling that cosmological constraints from BBN and CMB reveal that the early universe was almost entirely dominated by the SM, when the inflaton ϕ could have decayed into many sectors. In this work we propose the following explanation for all of this: we allow the lowest dimension operators with natural coefficients between the inflaton and both the Higgs and hidden sectors. Such hidden sectors are assumed to be entirely natural; this means all unprotected masses are pushed up to high scales and project out of the spectrum, while only massless (or protected) degrees of freedom remain, and so the inflaton can only reheat these sectors through higher dimension (and suppressed) operators. On the other hand, the SM possesses a special feature: it includes a light Higgs H, presumably for life to exist, and hence it allows a super-renormalizable coupling to the inflaton ϕ H† H, which allows rapid decay into the SM. We show that this naturally (i) removes the instability in the Higgs potential both during and after inflation due to a tree-level effect that increases the value of the Higgs self-coupling from the IR to the UV when one passes the inflaton mass,(ii) explains why the SM is dominant in the early universe, and in particular we compute the relative temperature and abundances of the sectors,(iii) allows dark matter to form in hidden sector/s through subsequent strong dynamics (or axions, etc),(iv) allows for high reheating and possibly baryogenesis, and (v) accounts for why there so far has been no direct detection of dark matter or new physics beyond the SM.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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