Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA

Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA
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美国康涅狄格州西部历史木炭生产造成的小型人类地貌特征

DOI:
10.1016/j.catena.2020.104896
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Bonhage, A.
Bonhage, A.
中科院分区:
农林科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bonhage, A.

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残炭炉床(RCH)是一种平均直径为12米的人为地貌特征,存在于中欧和美国东部的许多森林中,那里发生了煤前铁生产或其他工业需要生产木炭。为了扩大他们的地质考古意义和对土壤性质和森林生态系统的影响的知识,我们提出了一种方法RCHs土壤地层学的广义描述。我们研究了154个土壤剖面在52个RCH网站旁边的两个1公里的样带在利奇菲尔德县,康涅狄格州,美国。场地可根据坡度进行分类,坡度<4°的场地多为单层地层和高架圆形,坡度>4°的场地多为水平多层平台。后者有两个或两个以上的富炭工艺Auh层,中间Auh层主要由矿物基质组成。基于平均层厚度和它们对场地坡度的依赖性,我们提出了一个模型,该模型具有两个理想化的RCH形状,具有坡度控制特性,可以轻松计算场地直径和元素库存。随着RCH站点遥感技术的不断进步,我们提出的模型可以帮助进一步了解历史土地利用对景观尺度的影响。
Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are anthropogenic geomorphic features with an average diameter of 12 m found in many forests of Central Europe and in the eastern USA wherever pre-coal iron production took place or other industries demanded the production of charcoal. To expand the knowledge about their geoarchaeological significance and their legacy effect on soil properties and forest ecosystems, we propose a method for a generalized description of soil stratigraphy on RCHs. We studied 154 soil profiles at 52 RCH sites alongside two 1 km transects in Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA. The sites can be classified based on the slope inclination, with sites on <4° mostly having a single-layered stratigraphy and an elevated circular shape, while sites on slopes >4° mostly are built as levelled and multilayered platforms. The latter have two or more charcoal rich technogenic Auh-layers separated by intermediate Auh-layers mostly consisting of mineral substrate. Based on average layer thicknesses and their dependence on the sites slope inclinations, we propose a model with two idealized RCH shapes with slope controlled properties that allow for an easy computation of site diameters and elemental stocks. With ongoing advances in remote sensing of RCH sites, our proposed model can help to further understand the effects of historic land use on a landscape scale.
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