Prenatal opioid exposure and vulnerability to future substance use disorders in offspring.
Prenatal opioid exposure and vulnerability to future substance use disorders in offspring.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113621
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Roy S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abu Y;Roy S
怀孕期间阿片类药物使用发生率的增加导致新生儿在产前接触阿片类药物的比例前所未有。产前阿片类药物暴露（POE）会对后代产生显著的不良医学、发育和行为结果。人们越来越感兴趣的是，POE是否会导致未来对物质使用障碍的脆弱性。POE对人类大脑发育的影响难以评估，因为药物暴露的时间、剂量和途径以及复杂的遗传和环境因素都会影响成瘾的易感性。POE的临床前模型使我们能够避免方法上的困难和人类POE的混杂因素。在这里，我们回顾了母体阿片类药物暴露对发育中的大脑的影响，重点是药物成瘾的神经生物学基础和POE的临床前模型及其局限性。这些研究表明，POE增加了药物的自我给药、条件场所范式中的奖励驱动行为和运动敏化。虽然成瘾是多方面的，对药物成瘾的脆弱性在产前暴露婴儿的人类研究中仍然没有定论，但动物研究确实提供了负面行为结果的值得注意的佐证。
The heightened incidence of opioid use during pregnancy has resulted in unprecedented rates of neonates prenatally exposed to opioids. Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) results in significantly adverse medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in offspring. Of growing interest is whether POE contributes to future vulnerability to substance use disorders. The effects of POE on brain development is difficult to assess in humans, as the timing, dose, and route of drug exposure together with complex genetic and environmental factors affect susceptibility to addiction. Preclinical models of POE have allowed us to avoid methodological difficulties and confounding factors of POE in humans. Here, we review the effects of maternal opioid exposure on the developing brain with an emphasis on the neurobiological basis of drug addiction and on preclinical models of POE and their limitations. These studies have indicated that POE increases self-administration of drugs, reward-driven behaviors in the conditioned place paradigm, and locomotor sensitization. While addiction is multifaceted and vulnerability to drug addiction is still inconclusive in human studies of prenatally exposed infants, animal studies do provide a noteworthy corroboration of negative behavioral outcomes.
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