Bryophyte-Feeders in a Basal Brachyceran Lineage (Diptera: Rhagionidae: Spaniinae): Adult Oviposition Behavior and Changes in the Larval Mouthpart Morphology Accompanied with the Diet Shifts.
Bryophyte-Feeders in a Basal Brachyceran Lineage (Diptera: Rhagionidae: Spaniinae): Adult Oviposition Behavior and Changes in the Larval Mouthpart Morphology Accompanied with the Diet Shifts.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0165808
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kato M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Imada Y;Kato M
受食性和生境利用的影响，双翅目幼虫形态呈现出压倒性的多样性。特别是，幼虫口器形态与摄食行为有关，提供了关键的分类特征。尽管大多数短肢动物的幼虫是肉食性的，但一个基本的短肢动物科，Rhagionidae，包含有多种摄食习性的苔藓食性类群。为阐明以苔藓植物为食的rhagionids的生活史、生物学和形态进化，本文对西班牙属（Spania Meigen， Litoleptis Chillcott和Ptiolina Zetterstedt） 3属4种的幼虫摄食行为、形态和成虫产卵行为进行了描述。此外，通过分子系统发育分析，揭示了苔藓植物取食过程中幼虫形态的变化。西班牙和Litoleptis （thallose liverworts的菌体捕食者）共享一齿状的顶端下颌硬骨，在其背表面有一个孔，这与Rhagionidae的其他成员形成对比，他们拥有一个刀刃状的下颌钩和一个口槽；而苔藓类的茎螟（Ptiolina）在下颌骨的口腔表面有一个弱凹槽，上颌高度硬化，有齿状突起。根据采虫幼虫的摄食行为推断，具有背孔的齿状下颌骨有助于刮取植物组织，然后吸收大量的汁液。系统发育表明，采虫属与植虫属形成一个分支，是食虫属的姐妹，可能是食腐动物。该研究表明，下颌口沟和下颌刷的消失或减少与苔藓取食的进化是一致的，随后是下颌背孔的出现和爬行痕的消失，伴随着菌体取食的进化。
Dipteran larval morphology exhibits overwhelming variety, affected by their diverse feeding habits and habitat use. In particular, larval mouthpart morphology is associated with feeding behavior, providing key taxonomic traits. Despite most larval Brachycera being carnivorous, a basal brachyceran family, Rhagionidae, contains bryophyte-feeding taxa with multiple feeding habits. To elucidate the life history, biology, and morphological evolution of the bryophyte-feeding rhagionids, the larval feeding behavior and morphology, and the adult oviposition behavior of four species belonging to three genera of Spaniinae (Spania Meigen, Litoleptis Chillcott and Ptiolina Zetterstedt) are described. Moreover, changes of the larval morphology associated with the evolution of bryophyte-feeding are traced by molecular phylogenetic analyses. Spania and Litoleptis (thallus-miners of thallose liverworts) share a toothed form of apical mandibular sclerite with an orifice on its dorsal surface, which contrasts to those of the other members of Rhagionidae possessing a blade-like mandibular hook with an adoral groove; whereas, Ptiolina (stem borer of mosses) exhibits a weak groove on the adoral surface of mandible and highly sclerotized maxilla with toothed projections. Based on the larval feeding behavior of the thallus-miners, it is inferred that the toothed mandibles with the dorsal orifice facilitate scraping plant tissue and then imbibing it with a great deal of the sap. A phylogeny indicated that the bryophyte-feeding genera formed a clade with Spaniopsis and was sister to Symphoromyia, which presumably are detritivores. This study indicates that the loss or reduction of adoral mandibular groove and mandibular brush is coincident with the evolution of bryophyte-feeding, and it is subsequently followed by the occurrence of dorsal mandibular orifice and the loss of creeping welts accompanying the evolution of thallus-mining.
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DOI：
10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1041
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Hernandez, M. Cristina
通讯作者：
Hernandez, M. Cristina
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Mostovski, MB;Jarzembowski, EA;Ansorge, J
通讯作者：
Ansorge, J
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
NAGATOMI, A
通讯作者：
NAGATOMI, A
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
LANE, RS;ANDERSON, JR
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, JR
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Imada, Yume;Kato, Makoto
通讯作者：
Kato, Makoto