Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation.
Itaconic acid is a mammalian metabolite induced during macrophage activation.
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DOI:
10.1021/ja2070889
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发表时间:
2011-10-19
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Roberts, Mary F.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Strelko, Cheryl L.;Lu, Wenyun;Dufort, Fay J.;Seyfried, Thomas N.;Chiles, Thomas C.;Rabinowitz, Joshua D.;Roberts, Mary F.
Itaconic acid, or methylenesuccinic acid, is not generally classified as a mammalian metabolite. Using NMR based metabolomics and 13C-labeling, we have detected itaconic acid in both macrophage-like VM-M3 and RAW 264.7 tumor cell lines as well as stimulated and unstimulated primary murine macrophages. Macrophage activation by addition of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-γ markedly increased itaconic acid production and secretion. Crude cell extracts synthesize itaconic acid via decarboxylation of cis-aconitate, indicative of a novel mammalian cis-aconitic decarboxylase activity. Our results highlight a previously unidentified biosynthetic pathway related to TCA cycle metabolism in mammalian cells and a novel metabolite that likely plays a role in macrophage-based immune response.
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