Minimal impact of consolidation on learned switch-readiness.
Minimal impact of consolidation on learned switch-readiness.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0001074
复制
发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Egner T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bejjani C;Siqi-Liu A;Egner T
适应性行为的特征是我们创建、维护和更新(或切换)规则的能力，根据这些规则我们可以在不断变化的环境中对刺激进行分类和反应(认知灵活性)。最近的研究表明，人们可以通过联想学习将任务切换的控制过程与语境线索联系起来，从而降低了需要频繁切换的语境的切换行为成本。一个例子是列表范围比例切换(LWPS)效应，表示在切换更频繁的试验区块中切换成本较小。然而，支配这种习得的认知灵活性的条件却鲜为人知。一个主要的悬而未决的问题是，这种类型的学习是否受益于记忆巩固效应。为了解决这个问题，我们操纵了任务集和/或特定任务刺激是否更频繁地与任务切换(与重复)联系在一起，并让参与者经历了两个实验阶段，中间有24小时的延迟。我们预计巩固将促进习得的认知灵活性，导致会话2的转换成本比会话1的转换成本更低，任务转换的可能性更大。通过两个实验，我们在两个会话中都观察到了强大的LWPS效应。然而，我们几乎没有发现巩固对习得认知灵活性的影响的证据：LWPS效应的大小从第一次到第二次没有变化。总体而言，我们的结果表明，人们可靠而快速地获得了任务集和基于刺激的转换联想，但这种形式的控制学习--不像许多基于奖励的学习--并不受益于长期记忆巩固。对这些发现的可能原因进行了讨论。
Adaptive behavior is characterized by our ability to create, maintain, and update (or switch) rules by which we categorize and respond to stimuli across changing contexts (cognitive flexibility). Recent research suggests that people can link the control process of task-switching to contextual cues through associative learning, whereby the behavioral cost of switching is reduced for contexts that require frequent switching. One example is the listwide proportion switch (LWPS) effect, denoting smaller switch costs in blocks of trials where switching is more frequent. However, the conditions that govern such learned cognitive flexibility are poorly understood. One major unanswered question is whether this type of learning benefits from memory consolidation effects. To address this question, we manipulated whether task-sets and/or specific task stimuli were more frequently linked with task-switching (vs. repeating), and ran participants over two experimental sessions, separated by a 24-hour delay. We expected that consolidation would facilitate learned cognitive flexibility, resulting in a greater reduction of switch costs with increasing task-switch likelihood on session 2 compared to session 1. Across two experiments, we observed robust LWPS effects in both sessions. However, we found little evidence for effects of consolidation on learned cognitive flexibility: the magnitude of the LWPS effect did not change from session 1 to 2. Altogether our results suggest that people reliably and quickly acquire task-set and stimulus-based switch associations, but this form of control learning – unlike many instances of reward-based learning – does not benefit from long-term memory consolidation. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Boynton, Marcella H.;Richman, Laura Smart
通讯作者：
Richman, Laura Smart
影响因子：
--
作者：
Allen, Micah;Poggiali, Davide;Kievit, Rogier A
通讯作者：
Kievit, Rogier A
DOI：
10.1037/xhp0000720
发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bejjani, Christina;Tan, Sophie;Egner, Tobias
通讯作者：
Egner, Tobias
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Brosowsky, Nicholaus P.;Crump, Matthew J. C.
通讯作者：
Crump, Matthew J. C.
影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Daly, Timothy M.;Nataraajan, Rajan
通讯作者：
Nataraajan, Rajan