Glacier change in the Gangdise Mountains, southern Tibet, since the Little Ice Age
Glacier change in the Gangdise Mountains, southern Tibet, since the Little Ice Age
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小冰期以来藏南冈底斯山冰川变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.01.002
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wang Ninglian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Qian;Yi Chaolu;Fu Ping;Wu Yubin;Liu Jinhua;Wang Ninglian
在试图了解区域气候变化时，描绘小冰期（LIA）期间的冰川变化非常重要，也有助于提高对未来冰川变化预测的理解。然而，这样的知识仍然缺乏一些关键地区的青藏高原（TP）。在这项研究中，我们绘制了4188当代冰川和重建1216 LIA地区的冰川覆盖在冈底斯山脉以北的喜马拉雅山使用谷歌地球卫星图像。我们估计了他们的古冰川面积和平衡线高度（ELAs）的基础上的脚趾头墙海拔比（THAR）的方法。结果表明，大多数冰川都很小（小于1平方公里），斜坡/悬挂冰川最常见（4 188个冰川中有2 844个），而山谷冰川的覆盖面积最大（1 723.7平方公里总面积中有1 009.0平方公里）。自LIA以来，现代冰川显著退缩，长度减少5.5%至94.7%（平均冰川长度696米;平均长度减少41.7%），冰川面积减少4.1%至94.9%（平均冰川面积0.42平方公里;平均面积减少44.8%）。这些减少发生在不同的当地气候和地形条件下。当代ELA范围为5516至6337米asl; LIA ELA范围为5476至6329米asl。当代和LIA ELA值从东南向西北上升。一般来说，ELA值的上升幅度从冈底斯山东部到中部逐渐减小，然后向西增加，平均ELA上升45 m。多元回归模型表明，46.8%的冰川面积损失可以用冰川海拔、面积和坡度来解释。然而，只有15.5%的ELA值的上升可以解释冰川的几何，地形，或位置参数。现代ELA值的空间分布格局与降水量呈负相关，由东南向西北递减，表明降水是ELA的主要控制因素之一。这也与高亚洲其他地区的结果一致。相对于冈底斯山脉的东、西段，中段的冰川变化较小，在长度减少、面积损失和ELA上升方面。地形当然也可以通过产生遮蔽和/或雨影效应以及影响当地温度来影响冰川变化。
Delineating glacier change during the Little Ice Age (LIA) is of great importance when attempting to understand regional climatic changes and can also help to improve the understanding of any predictions of future glacial changes. However, such knowledge is still lacking for some critical regions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, we mapped 4188 contemporary glaciers and reconstructed 1216 LIA areas of glacial coverage in the Gangdise Mountains to the north of the Himalaya using Google Earth satellite imagery. We estimated their paleoglacial areas and equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) based on the toe-to-headwall altitude ratio (THAR) method. Results show that most glaciers are small (<1 km2), with slope/hanging glaciers the most common (2844 out of 4188 glaciers), while valley glaciers have the greatest coverage (1009.0 km2out of a total area of 1723.7 km2). Contemporary glaciers have retreated significantly since the LIA, with reductions in length of between 5.5% and 94.7% (mean glacier length 696 m; mean reduction in length 41.7%) and reductions in glacier area of between 4.1% and 94.9% (mean glacier area 0.42 km2; mean reduction in area 44.8%). These reductions have occurred under different local climatic and topographic conditions. The contemporary ELA ranges from 5516 to 6337 m asl; the LIA ELA ranged from 5476 to 6329 m asl. Contemporary and LIA ELA values rise from southeast to northwest. As a general rule, the rise in the ELA value decreases from the eastern to the central Gangdise Mountains and then increases westward, with a mean ELA rise of 45 m. Multiple regression models suggest that 46.8% of the glacier area loss can be explained by glacier elevation, area, and slope. However, only 15.5% of the rise in ELA values can be explained by glacial geometric, topographic, or locational parameters. The spatial pattern of modern ELA values in this region appears inversely related to precipitation, which decreases from southeast to northwest, implying that precipitation is one of the key controls of ELAs. This is also consistent with results from elsewhere in High Asia. In contrast to the Gangdise Mountains' eastern and western sectors, glaciers in the central sector have undergone less change, i.e., in terms of reductions in length, area loss, and rises in ELA. Topography can of course also influence glacial change by creating shielding and/or rainshadow effects and by affecting local temperatures.
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