Color of Pan Trap Influences Sampling of Bees in Livestock Pasture Ecosystem.
Color of Pan Trap Influences Sampling of Bees in Livestock Pasture Ecosystem.
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DOI：
10.3390/biology10050445
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发表时间：
2021-05-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Joshi NK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acharya RS;Leslie T;Fitting E;Burke J;Loftin K;Joshi NK
授粉对于受精、结实、种子发育和植物生命周期的延续至关重要，植物最终为人类、牲畜和野生动物提供食物。农艺措施、杀虫剂的使用、开花植物种类的缺乏、入侵植物的引进、栖息地的丧失、气候变化和疾病都导致了重要的传粉者物种的减少。昆虫传粉者的减少增加了随着时间的推移准确监测传粉者多样性和丰度的重要性。使用不同颜色陷阱的采样技术被用来对蜜蜂和其他昆虫进行采样，但它们在不同生态系统中的实用性和有效性仍有待确定。在这项研究中，我们研究了四种不同颜色的捕蜂器(蓝色、绿色、黄色和紫色)在由本地牧草物种组成的牲畜牧场生态系统中抽样蜜蜂的有效性。我们分析了与上述颜色相关的相对丰富度、丰富度、相似性和群落组合模式。我们发现，蓝色陷阱对蜜蜂最有吸引力，并且对于在牲畜牧场生态系统中抽样蜜蜂是有效的。紫色陷阱效果次之，其次是黄色和绿色陷阱。昆虫传粉者的减少增加了随着时间的推移准确监测传粉者多样性和丰富度的重要性。抽样技术包括使用被动捕虫器，如平底锅诱捕器，但对其在不同生态系统中的实用性和有效性仍有讨论。目的是检验四种不同颜色的捕蜂器(蓝色、绿色、黄色和紫色)在轮流放牧的本地牧草中抽样蜜蜂的有效性，并比较四种捕获器颜色之间的相对丰富度、丰富度、相似性和群落组合格局。大多数蜜蜂来自哈里克科(89%)。种类最丰富的种类是拟绿舌藻(42.2%)、金色金藻(8.3%)、亚病毒藻(6.8)、纤毛竹节藻(6.4)和伯克马尼绿藻(4.1%)。蓝色诱捕器显示出最高的捕蜂率和物种积累。紫色和黄色的诱捕器对蜜蜂的诱捕效果中等，而绿色的平底锅诱捕器的效果最差。同样，观察和推断的物种丰富度以蓝色陷阱最高，其次是紫色、黄色和绿色。值得注意的是，蓝色陷阱捕获的独特物种数量最多，其次是紫色、黄色和绿色陷阱。考虑到收集到的昆虫总数(包括蜜蜂和其他昆虫)，黄色和绿色陷阱捕获的昆虫数量明显高于其他彩色陷阱。蓝色、紫色、绿色和黄色PAN陷阱的光反射率分别在~450、400、550和600 nm处有峰值。由于不同的昆虫对不同的光强度、波长和反射率做出反应，这些结果可以用来指导未来针对畜牧场和类似生态系统中的某些昆虫群体的诱捕方案。
Pollination is important for fertilization, setting fruits, seed development and the continuation of the life cycle of plants that eventually provide food for humans, livestock and wildlife. Agronomic practices, use of pesticides, lack of diverse flowering plant species, introduction of invasive plants, loss of habitat, climate change and disease have all led to the decline of important pollinator species. Decline of insect pollinators has increased the importance of accurately monitoring pollinator diversity and abundance over time. Sampling techniques using different color traps are used to sample bees and other insects, but their utility and effectiveness in different ecosystems still need to be determined. In this study, we examined four different colors of pan traps (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for their utility in sampling bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem consisting of native forage species. We analyzed the relative abundance, richness, similarity, and community assemblage patterns associated with aforementioned colors. We found that the blue color traps were the most attractive to bees and were effective for sampling bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem. Purple color traps were the second most effective, followed by yellow and green color traps. The decline in insect pollinators has increased the importance of accurately monitoring pollinator diversity and abundance over time. Sampling techniques include the use of passive insect traps such as pan traps, yet there is still discussion over their utility and effectiveness in different ecosystems. The objective was to examine four different colors of pan traps (blue, green, yellow, and purple) for their utility in sampling bees in native forages rotationally grazed by sheep and to compare the relative abundance, richness, similarity, and community assemblage patterns among the four trap colors. Most bees were from the Halictidae family (89%). The most abundant species were Lasioglossum imitatum (42.2%), Augochlorella aurata (8.3%), L. subviridatum (6.8), Agapostemon texanus (6.4), and L. birkmani (4.1%). Blue color traps exhibited the highest rates of bee capture and species accumulation. Purple and yellow colored traps were moderately effective in capturing bees, while the green color pan traps were least effective. Similarly, observed and extrapolated species richness was highest in blue trap, followed by purple, yellow, and green. Notably, the blue trap captured the highest number of unique species, followed by purple, yellow and green traps. Considering the total number of insects collected (including bees and other insects), yellow and green traps captured a significantly higher number of insects than other colored traps. The light reflectance from blue, purple, green and yellow pan traps had peaks at ~450, 400, 550, and 600 nm, respectively. Since different insects respond to different light intensities, wavelengths, and reflectivity, these results could be used to guide future trapping protocols targeting certain insect groups in livestock pasture and similar ecosystems.
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