Long-term Small Population Size, Deleterious Variation, and Altitude Adaptation in the Ethiopian Wolf, a Severely Endangered Canid.
Long-term Small Population Size, Deleterious Variation, and Altitude Adaptation in the Ethiopian Wolf, a Severely Endangered Canid.
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DOI：
10.1093/molbev/msac277
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发表时间：
2023-01-04
影响因子：
10.7
通讯作者：
Lohmueller, Kirk E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mooney, Jazlyn A.;Marsden, Clare D.;Yohannes, Abigail;Wayne, Robert K.;Lohmueller, Kirk E.
埃塞俄比亚狼是埃塞俄比亚高地特有的犬科物种，几十年来数量一直在稳步下降。目前，在现存的35个物种中，它现在是世界上最濒危的犬科动物之一。大多数保护工作都集中在预防疾病、监测迁徙和行为，以及评估亚种群的地理范围。在这里，我们通过使用来自贝尔山脉的10只埃塞俄比亚狼的高覆盖率(∼40×)全基因组测序来确定埃塞俄比亚狼的人口和进化史，从而增加了一个必要的层。我们观察到，与两个北美灰狼种群和四个犬种相比，埃塞俄比亚狼的多样性和弱有害变异的丰富性都非常低。这些模式是长期种群规模较小的结果，而不是最近的近亲繁殖。我们推断了埃塞俄比亚狼的人口历史，发现它与历史记录和之前的遗传分析是一致的，这表明埃塞俄比亚狼经历了一系列古代和现代的瓶颈，导致人口普查的种群规模不到500只，估计有效种群规模约为100只。此外，长期的小种群规模可能限制了有害的隐性突变的积累。最后，由于埃塞俄比亚狼已经在高海拔地区生活了数千年，我们寻找了高海拔适应的证据，发现了低氧反应途径中的一个转录因子[CREB结合蛋白(CREBBP)]存在正选择的证据。我们的发现与持续的保护努力和理解人口统计学如何影响小种群有害变异的持久性有关。
Ethiopian wolves, a canid species endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands, have been steadily declining in numbers for decades. Currently, out of 35 extant species, it is now one of the world's most endangered canids. Most conservation efforts have focused on preventing disease, monitoring movements and behavior, and assessing the geographic ranges of sub-populations. Here, we add an essential layer by determining the Ethiopian wolf's demographic and evolutionary history using high-coverage (∼40×) whole-genome sequencing from 10 Ethiopian wolves from the Bale Mountains. We observe exceptionally low diversity and enrichment of weakly deleterious variants in the Ethiopian wolves in comparison with two North American gray wolf populations and four dog breeds. These patterns are consequences of long-term small population size, rather than recent inbreeding. We infer the demographic history of the Ethiopian wolf and find it to be concordant with historic records and previous genetic analyses, suggesting Ethiopian wolves experienced a series of both ancient and recent bottlenecks, resulting in a census population size of fewer than 500 individuals and an estimated effective population size of approximately 100 individuals. Additionally, long-term small population size may have limited the accumulation of strongly deleterious recessive mutations. Finally, as the Ethiopian wolves have inhabited high-altitude areas for thousands of years, we searched for evidence of high-altitude adaptation, finding evidence of positive selection at a transcription factor in a hypoxia-response pathway [CREB-binding protein (CREBBP)]. Our findings are pertinent to continuing conservation efforts and understanding how demography influences the persistence of deleterious variation in small populations.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Boyko AR;Quignon P;Li L;Schoenebeck JJ;Degenhardt JD;Lohmueller KE;Zhao K;Brisbin A;Parker HG;vonHoldt BM;Cargill M;Auton A;Reynolds A;Elkahloun AG;Castelhano M;Mosher DS;Sutter NB;Johnson GS;Novembre J;Hubisz MJ;Siepel A;Wayne RK;Bustamante CD;Ostrander EA
通讯作者：
Ostrander EA
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Chang CC;Chow CC;Tellier LC;Vattikuti S;Purcell SM;Lee JJ
通讯作者：
Lee JJ
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Conomos MP;Miller MB;Thornton TA
通讯作者：
Thornton TA
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Baker, Zachary;Schumer, Molly;Przeworski, Molly
通讯作者：
Przeworski, Molly
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Gottelli, D.;Sillero-Zubiri, C.;Wang, J.
通讯作者：
Wang, J.