Glucose metabolism in skeletal cells.
Glucose metabolism in skeletal cells.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101640
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Long, Fanxin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Long, Fanxin
哺乳动物骨骼是全身生理学的组成部分，具有机械支持和运动之外的多种功能，包括支持造血、矿物质稳态和潜在的其他内分泌作用。骨骼的形成开始于胚胎，主要是从软骨模板，最终通过骨内膜骨化被骨取代。大多数物种的骨骼发育和成熟在出生后继续进行，并持续到人类出生后的第二个十年。在成熟的骨骼中，衬在滑膜关节表面的关节软骨对于身体运动是至关重要的，并且对软骨的损伤是骨关节炎的标志。成熟的骨组织经历持续的重塑，始于破骨细胞的骨吸收，完成于成骨细胞的骨形成。在健康状态下，骨吸收和骨形成之间的微妙平衡负责维持稳定的骨量和结构完整性，同时通过骨的受控释放来满足对矿物质的生理需求。骨质疏松症的根本原因是骨吸收平衡的破坏。破骨细胞在需要ATP水解的过程中泵入摩尔量的盐酸来溶解骨矿物质，而成骨细胞通过合成和分泌大量的骨基质蛋白来构建骨量。因此，破骨细胞和成骨细胞都参与能量密集型活动以实现其生理功能，但这些细胞和其他骨骼细胞类型的生物能量学尚未得到很好的理解。尽管如此，在过去的十年里，人们对骨骼细胞代谢的研究兴趣重新抬头，从而对能量底物的利用及其在细胞命运和活性调节中的作用有了前所未有的了解。本文综述了近年来软骨细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞糖代谢的研究进展。其他相关细胞类型（包括骨骼干细胞和骨髓脂肪细胞）的进展在此不再讨论，因为其他人最近已对其进行了广泛综述（货车Gastel和Carmeliet，2021）。阐明骨骼细胞中的生物能量机制可能为开发其他安全有效的骨治疗开辟新途径。
The mammalian skeleton is integral to whole body physiology with a multitude of functions beyond mechanical support and locomotion, including support of hematopoiesis, mineral homeostasis and potentially other endocrine roles. Formation of the skeleton begins in the embryo and mostly from a cartilage template that is ultimately replaced by bone through endochondrial ossification. Skeletal development and maturation continue after birth in most species and last into the second decade of postnatal life in humans. In the mature skeleton, articular cartilage lining the synovial joint surfaces is vital for bodily movement and damages to the cartilage are a hallmark of osteoarthritis. The mature bone tissue undergoes continuous remodeling initiated with bone resorption by osteoclasts and completed with bone formation from osteoblasts. In a healthy state, the exquisite balance between bone resorption and formation is responsible for maintaining a stable bone mass and structural integrity, while meeting the physiological needs for minerals via controlled release from bone. Disruption of the balance in favor of bone resorption is the root cause for osteoporosis. Whereas osteoclasts pump molar quantities of hydrochloric acid to dissolve the bone minerals in a process requiring ATP hydrolysis, osteoblasts build bone mass by synthesizing and secreting copious amounts of bone matrix proteins. Thus, both osteoclasts and osteoblasts engage in energy-intensive activities to fulfill their physiological functions, but the bioenergetics of those and other skeletal cell types are not well understood. Nonetheless, the past ten years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in studies of skeletal cell metabolism, resulting in an unprecedented understanding of energy substrate utilization and its role in cell fate and activity regulation. The present review attempts to synthesize the current findings of glucose metabolism in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Advances with the other relevant cell types including skeletal stem cells and marrow adipocytes will not be discussed here as they have been extensively reviewed recently by others (van Gastel and Carmeliet, 2021). Elucidation of the bioenergetic mechanisms in the skeletal cells is likely to open new avenues for developing additional safe and effective bone therapies.
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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