mTORC2 signaling promotes skeletal growth and bone formation in mice.

mTORC2 signaling promotes skeletal growth and bone formation in mice.
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DOI:
10.1002/jbmr.2348
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发表时间:
2015-02
影响因子:
6.2
通讯作者:
Long, Fanxin
Long, Fanxin
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Jianquan;Holguin, Nilsson;Shi, Yu;Silva, Matthew J.;Long, Fanxin

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哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点 (mTOR) 是一种进化上保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,控制哺乳动物的许多生理过程。 mTOR 在两种不同的蛋白质复合物中发挥作用,即 mTORC1 和 mTORC2。与 mTORC1 相比,mTORC2 的具体作用尚不清楚。为了研究 mTORC2 对骨骼发育和稳态的潜在贡献,我们在小鼠胚胎的肢体成骨间充质中基因删除了 mTORC2 的重要组成部分 Rictor。 Rictor 的缺失会导致胚胎和出生后小鼠的骨骼元素变得更短、更窄。在胚胎中,Rictor 缺失减少了初始软骨原基的宽度,但没有减少长度。随后,由于软骨细胞肥大的延迟,胚胎骨骼元件缩短,但增殖、凋亡、细胞大小或基质产生没有变化。出生后,Rictor 缺陷小鼠表现出骨形成受损,导致皮质骨变薄,但由于骨吸收同时减少,小梁骨质量相对正常。此外,Rictor 缺陷的骨骼对机械负荷表现出较小的合成代谢反应。因此,mTORC2 信号传导对于最佳骨骼生长和骨合成代谢是必要的。
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase controlling many physiological processes in mammals. mTOR functions in two distinct protein complexes, namely mTORC1 and mTORC2. Compared to mTORC1, the specific roles of mTORC2 are less well understood. To investigate the potential contribution of mTORC2 to skeletal development and homeostasis, we have genetically deleted Rictor, an essential component of mTORC2, in the limb skeletogenic mesenchyme of the mouse embryo. Loss of Rictor leads to shorter and narrower skeletal elements in both embryos and postnatal mice. In the embryo, Rictor deletion reduces the width but not the length of the initial cartilage anlage. Subsequently, the embryonic skeletal elements are shortened due to a delay in chondrocyte hypertrophy, with no change in proliferation, apoptosis, cell size, or matrix production. Postnatally, Rictor-deficient mice exhibit impaired bone formation, resulting in thinner cortical bone, but the trabecular bone mass is relatively normal thanks to a concurrent decrease in bone resorption. Moreover, Rictor-deficient bones exhibit a lesser anabolic response to mechanical loading. Thus, mTORC2 signaling is necessary for optimal skeletal growth and bone anabolism.
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