Autophagy promotes cell and organismal survival by maintaining NAD(H) pools

Autophagy promotes cell and organismal survival by maintaining NAD(H) pools
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自噬通过维持 NAD(H) 池来促进细胞和生物体的存活

DOI:
10.1101/2020.01.31.928424
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
bioRxiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
et al.
et al.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sedlackova Lucia;Otten Elsje G.;Scialo Filippo;Shapira David;Kataura Tetsushi;et al.

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自噬是一种重要的分解代谢过程,可促进细胞内多余或受损成分的清除。作为一种循环过程,自噬对于在饥饿期间维持细胞代谢物也很重要。自噬的丧失足以导致动物模型中的细胞死亡,并可能导致许多人类疾病的组织退化,包括神经退行性和溶酶体储存障碍。然而,目前还不清楚自噬的许多细胞功能中,哪一项主要是它在细胞生存中的作用。在这里,我们已经确定了自噬在维持烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+/NADH)水平中的关键作用。在呼吸细胞中,自噬的丧失导致NAD(H)耗尽,导致线粒体膜去极化和细胞死亡。我们还发现,NAD(H)的维持是从酵母到人类细胞的自噬的进化保守功能。重要的是,补充NAD(H)前体可以部分逆转自噬缺陷动物模型的细胞死亡和活性降低。我们的研究提供了自噬和NAD(H)代谢之间的机制联系,并表明提高NAD(H)水平可能是一种有效的干预策略,以防止与自噬功能障碍相关的人类疾病中的细胞死亡和组织退化。
Autophagy is an essential catabolic process that promotes clearance of surplus or damaged intracellular components. As a recycling process, autophagy is also important for the maintenance of cellular metabolites during periods of starvation. Loss of autophagy is sufficient to cause cell death in animal models and is likely to contribute to tissue degeneration in a number of human diseases including neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage disorders–. However, it remains unclear which of the many cellular functions of autophagy primarily underlies its role in cell survival. Here we have identified a critical role of autophagy in the maintenance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) levels. In respiring cells, loss of autophagy caused NAD(H) depletion resulting in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and cell death. We also found that maintenance of NAD(H) is an evolutionary conserved function of autophagy from yeast to human cells. Importantly, cell death and reduced viability of autophagy-deficient animal models can be partially reversed by supplementation with an NAD(H) precursor. Our study provides a mechanistic link between autophagy and NAD(H) metabolism and suggests that boosting NAD(H) levels may be an effective intervention strategy to prevent cell death and tissue degeneration in human diseases associated with autophagy dysfunction.
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