Not all temperate deciduous trees are leafless in winter: The curious case of marcescence

Not all temperate deciduous trees are leafless in winter: The curious case of marcescence
复制标题

并非所有温带落叶树在冬天都没有叶子:果渣的奇怪案例

DOI:
10.1002/ecs2.4410
复制
发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Muzika, Rose‐Marie
Muzika, Rose‐Marie
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heberling, J. Mason;Muzika, Rose‐Marie

文献摘要

参考文献

相似文献

根据定义,温带落叶林包括很大比例的木本物种,每年秋季落叶,冬季完全无叶。落叶树木叶片衰老是一个活跃的复杂过程,通常涉及到生理上的脱落层的形成,导致叶柄从分支上机械地分离。然而,一些落叶物种在冬天的大部分时间里都保留了树枝上的所有或一些衰老的叶子,这种现象称为叶子枯萎。早在1749年,Marcescence就吸引了植物学家,包括Pehr Kalm。然而,令人惊讶的是,迄今为止几乎没有进行过研究。本文综述并探讨了温带森林中叶片凋枯的模式和机制,提出了6个不同的假说:(1)凋枯没有适应功能,而是进化的副产品;(2)凋枯的叶片阻止冬季食草动物的捕食;(3)叶片在冬季的保留改善了秋季衰老过程中的养分再吸收;(4)叶片凋枯的发生与植物的生长有关。(4)进入春季的叶子脱落时间延长,最大限度地减少了营养流失并促进分解;(5)枯萎的叶子保护越冬芽免受霜冻或干燥;(6)枯萎的树冠为动物(包括昆虫、鸟类、蝙蝠)提供冬季覆盖,从而通过排泄物影响植物营养的可用性。没有一个假设是完全支持的,也很少有多个假设的检验。这是可能的,任何适应性的价值观的marcescence是物种和上下文依赖。尽管人们对植物物候学和这一性状的流行越来越感兴趣,但对叶凋枯的生理学、进化、功能和生态学意义仍有许多有待了解。
Temperate deciduous forests by definition include a large proportion of woody species that shed their leaves each autumn and are completely leafless during winter months. Leaf senescence in deciduous trees is an active, complex process typically involving the physiological formation of an abscission layer causing the petiole to mechanically detach from the branch. However, several deciduous species retain all or some senesced leaves on branches through much of winter, a phenomenon called leaf marcescence. Marcescence has long fascinated botanists, including Pehr Kalm as early as 1749. Yet, surprisingly little research has been done to date. Here, we review and explore patterns and mechanisms of leaf marcescence in temperate forests, bringing together six nonmutually exclusive but separately proposed hypotheses: (1) Marcescence has no adaptive function but rather an evolutionary byproduct; (2) Marcescent leaves deter winter browsing herbivores; (3) Leaf retention through winter improves nutrient resorption during autumn senescence; (4) Prolonged leaf shedding into spring minimizes nutrient leaching and promotes decomposition; (5) Marcescent leaves protect overwintering buds from frost or desiccation; and (6) Marcescent canopies provide winter cover for animals (including insects, birds, bats), thereby affecting plant nutrient availability via excrement. No hypothesis has complete support and few tests of multiple hypotheses have been done. It is likely that any adaptive value of marcescence is species and context dependent. Despite increased interest in plant phenology and prevalence of this trait, much remains to be understood on the physiology, evolution, function, and ecological implications of leaf marcescence.
DOI: --
发表时间: 1949
期刊: Botanical Gazette
影响因子: --
作者:
R. W. Hoshaw;A. T. Guard
通讯作者: A. T. Guard
保留绿叶而不是棕色叶子增加了大型山谷橡树的春季犬科动物多样性
DOI: --
发表时间: 2021
影响因子: 1.6
作者:
V. Pan;A. Pepi;J. Goidell;R. Karban
通讯作者: R. Karban
DOI: --
发表时间: 2009
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
A. Mingo;M. Oesterheld
通讯作者: M. Oesterheld
DOI: --
发表时间: 2001
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
C. Svendsen
通讯作者: C. Svendsen
为什么山毛榉和橡树将叶子保留到春天
DOI: --
发表时间: 1981
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
C. Otto;L. Nilsson
通讯作者: L. Nilsson