The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood.
The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11121-018-0915-4
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Milam AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reboussin BA;Ialongo NS;Green KM;Furr-Holden DM;Johnson RM;Milam AJ
尽管白人和黑人青年吸食大麻的比例差别不大，但黑人在成年早期吸食大麻和精神错乱的比例要高得多。理论认为，与社会劣势相关的因素可能解释了这种差异，而社区环境可能是一个关键因素。这项研究试图确定城市样本在成年初期的大麻使用轨迹，预测这些轨迹的社区环境和可能重新引导他们的社会角色转变或“转折点”。数据来自一项纵向队列研究，研究对象主要是378名刚成年的黑人，他们在童年时首次被抽样，主要基于他们在巴尔的摩市低收入社区的住所，并每年进行随访。基于组的轨迹模型确定了三个组：不使用（68.8%），减少使用（19.6%）和长期使用（11.7%）。住在离酒精销售点很近的地方，以及住在女性户主家庭较多、暴力犯罪率较高的社区，相对于不使用酒精的人，长期使用酒精的人加入这一群体的几率会增加。生活在积极社交活动较多的社区中，成为“减少使用”群体成员的几率要高于“不使用”群体。没有高中文凭或普通教育文凭，怀孕和养育子女也增加了“减少使用”组成员的几率，而不是“不使用”组。这些发现为以下观点提供了支持：生活在社会有毒和混乱社区的少数族裔青年在成年初期继续使用大麻的风险增加，而社区积极的社会活动有可能改变这些消极的轨迹。除了承担养育子女的责任外，大麻使用者群体中的初成年者在教育和家庭方面也有相似的结果，这表明早期吸食大麻可能会产生长期影响。
Although there is little difference in rates of marijuana use between White and Black youth, Blacks have significantly higher rates of marijuana use and disorder in young adulthood. Theory suggests that factors tied to social disadvantage may explain this disparity, and neighborhood setting may be a key exposure. This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in an urban sample during emerging adulthood, neighborhood contexts that predict these trajectories and social role transitions or “turning points” that may re-direct them. Data are from a longitudinal cohort study of 378 primarily Black emerging adults who were first sampled in childhood based on their residence in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City and followed-up annually. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three groups: No Use (68.8%), Declining Use (19.6%) and Chronic Use (11.7%). Living in close proximity to an alcohol outlet, and living in a neighborhood with more female-headed households and higher rates of violent crime increased the odds of membership in the Chronic Use group relative to No Use. Living in a neighborhood with more positive social activity increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. Not receiving a high school diploma or GED, pregnancy and parenting also increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. These findings provide support that minority youth living in socially toxic and disordered neighborhoods are at increased risk of continuing on a trajectory of marijuana use during emerging adulthood while positive social activity in neighborhoods have the potential to redirect these negative trajectories. Besides taking on the responsibilities of parenting, emerging adults in the marijuana user groups had similar educational and family outcomes, suggesting that early marijuana use may have long-term implications.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Furr-Holden, C. D. M.;Smart, M. J.;Pokorni, J. L.;Ialongo, N. S.;Leaf, P. J.;Holder, H. D.;Anthony, J. C.
通讯作者：
Anthony, J. C.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03665.x
发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Doherty EE;Robertson JA;Green KM;Fothergill KE;Ensminger ME
通讯作者：
Ensminger ME
影响因子：
5
作者：
Aneshensel, CS;Sucoff, CA
通讯作者：
Sucoff, CA
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Brenner, Allison B.;Bauermeister, Jose A.;Zimmerman, Marc A.
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Marc A.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Crum, RM;LillieBlanton, M;Anthony, JC
通讯作者：
Anthony, JC