F-actin coordinates spindle morphology and function in Drosophila meiosis.
F-actin coordinates spindle morphology and function in Drosophila meiosis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1011111
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发表时间：
2024-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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减数分裂是有性生殖的一个高度保守的特征，它确保生殖细胞在受精前具有正确的染色体数目。微管的一个子集，被称为纺锤体，是减数分裂过程中染色体精确分离所必需的。最近在哺乳动物系统中建立的证据强调了肌动蛋白细胞骨架在染色体分离中的意外要求;纺锤体肌动蛋白丝网络似乎调节这一过程的许多方面。在这里，我们表明，果蝇卵母细胞也有一个纺锤体人口的肌动蛋白，似乎调节微管纺锤体的形成和整个减数分裂的染色体运动。我们证明，遗传和药理学破坏的肌动蛋白细胞骨架有显着的影响纺锤体形态，动力学，染色体排列和分离在成熟和中期后期的过渡。我们进一步揭示了钙在维持微管纺锤体和纺锤体肌动蛋白中的作用。总之，我们的数据突出了在减数分裂过程中纺锤体肌动蛋白的形态和机制的潜在保护。肌动蛋白细胞骨架是真核细胞的基本组成部分。在减数分裂过程中，细胞质肌动蛋白已被证明有助于纺锤体定位，以使不对称分裂。肌动蛋白在染色体减数分裂分离过程中的作用是一个很大程度上未被探索的作用。以前认为主要由微管细胞骨架调节，在小鼠和人类卵母细胞的减数分裂纺锤体中发现了一群肌动蛋白，这为减数分裂领域的研究开辟了一条全新的途径。在这里，我们揭示了在果蝇卵母细胞减数分裂肌动蛋白的一个新的人口。利用遗传学和药理学方法相结合，我们证明了这种纺锤体肌动蛋白在调节微管纺锤体形态和染色体分离在第一中期后期过渡后，卵子激活的重要性。我们进一步探讨了纺锤体钙信号的潜在输入。因此，我们证明了与海星，爪蟾和哺乳动物相比，纺锤体肌动蛋白的形态和机制有很大的相似性。这表明了一个保守的水平，反映了减数分裂本身的基本性质。
Meiosis is a highly conserved feature of sexual reproduction that ensures germ cells have the correct number of chromosomes prior to fertilization. A subset of microtubules, known as the spindle, are essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Building evidence in mammalian systems has recently highlighted the unexpected requirement of the actin cytoskeleton in chromosome segregation; a network of spindle actin filaments appear to regulate many aspects of this process. Here we show that Drosophila oocytes also have a spindle population of actin that appears to regulate the formation of the microtubule spindle and chromosomal movements throughout meiosis. We demonstrate that genetic and pharmacological disruption of the actin cytoskeleton has a significant impact on spindle morphology, dynamics, and chromosome alignment and segregation during maturation and the metaphase-anaphase transition. We further reveal a role for calcium in maintaining the microtubule spindle and spindle actin. Together, our data highlights potential conservation of morphology and mechanism of the spindle actin during meiosis. The actin cytoskeleton is a fundamental component of eukaryotic cells. During meiosis, cytoplasmic actin has been shown to aid in spindle positioning in order to enable asymmetric division. One largely unexplored role of actin is its contribution during the meiotic segregation of chromosomes. Previously thought to be primarily regulated by the microtubule cytoskeleton, the discovery of a population of actin within the meiotic spindle of mouse and human oocytes has opened an entirely new avenue of investigation within the field of meiosis. Here, we reveal in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes a novel population of meiotic actin. Utilising a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate the importance of this spindle actin in the regulation of microtubule spindle morphology and chromosomal segregation during the first metaphase-anaphase transition following egg activation. We further explore the potential input from calcium signalling at the spindle. We thus demonstrate great similarity of spindle actin morphologies and mechanisms when compared with starfish, Xenopus and mammals. This suggests a level of conservation that reflects the fundamental nature of meiosis itself.
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