Cocaïne et alcool: des liaisons dangereuses
Cocaïne et alcool: des liaisons dangereuses
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可卡因和酒精：危险关系
DOI：
10.1016/j.lpm.2009.05.011
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
N. Ballon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lacoste;Manuela Pedrera;A. Charles;N. Ballon
关键点。可卡因是美国和欧洲消费频率仅次于大麻的第二大非法药物，仍然是许多人选择的精神兴奋剂，经常与其他精神活性物质混合使用。它最常与酒精有关，50%-90%的可卡因依赖者可诊断为酒精依赖。在治疗可卡因成瘾者时，重要的是不仅要确定可卡因的使用方式，而且要确定其他物质特别是酒精的消费方式。酒精通常被用来减轻可卡因戒断引起的焦虑和不适。酒精也可能引发对可卡因的不可抗拒的渴望，这可能导致即使在几个月的可卡因戒断后也会频繁复发。在这种情况下，简短的干预和动机性访谈技巧有助于减少酒精使用和预防可卡因复发。在没有严重可卡因戒断症状的情况下，治疗酒精戒断综合征的指南可以适用于可卡因和酒精共同依赖。治疗这种酒精-可卡因戒断综合征需要较低剂量的苯二氮卓类药物。认知行为疗法，单独使用或与精神药物联合使用，是酒精-可卡因依赖的公认治疗方法。从长远来看，心理治疗的组合通常比任何单一方法更有效。在缺乏治疗共识的情况下，四种药物（双硫仑、巴氯芬、托吡酯和纳洛酮）最常被推荐用于促进和维持戒断;然而，它们的功效尚未得到证实，它们的使用仍然是试验性的和标签外的：它们尚未被卫生当局批准作为成瘾治疗药物。
Key points. Cocaine, the second most frequently consumed illicit substance after cannabis in both United States and Europe, remains the psychostimulant of choice for many, often mixed with other psychoactive substances. It is most frequently associated with alcohol, and a diagnosis of alcohol dependence may be made in 50%-90% of cocaine-dependent subjects. When treating cocaine addicts, it is important to characterize not only the modalities of cocaine use but also the modes of consumption of other substances, notably alcohol. Alcohol is often consumed to reduce the anxiety and discomfort resulting from cocaine withdrawal. Alcohol may also trigger an irresistible craving for cocaine, which can result in frequent relapses even after several months of cocaine abstinence. Brief intervention and motivational interview techniques can help to reduce alcohol use and prevent cocaine relapses in this context. In the absence of severe cocaine withdrawal symptoms, the guidelines for treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome may be applied for cocaine and alcohol codependence. Lower doses of benzodiazepine are needed for treating this alcohol-cocaine withdrawal syndrome. Cognitive behavioral therapies, alone or in combination with psychotropic medication, are accepted therapeutic approaches for alcohol-cocaine dependence. It is also accepted that over the long term the combination of psychotherapeutic treatments is usually more effective than any single approach. In the absence of a therapeutic consensus, four drugs (disulfiram, baclofen, topiramate and naltrexone) are most often recommended to promote and maintain abstinence; nevertheless, their efficacy has not been proven and their use remains experimental and off-label: they have not been approved by health authorities as treatment for addictions.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
CARROLL, KM;ROUNSAVILLE, BJ;KELLER, DS
通讯作者：
KELLER, DS
可卡因和酒精单独或联合使用对人类学习和表现的影响。
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Higgins,ST;Rush,CR;Hughes,JR;Bickel,WK;Lynn,M;Capeless,MA
通讯作者：
Capeless,MA
可卡因依赖心理治疗和药物治疗的一年随访。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Carroll,KM;Rounsaville,BJ;Nich,C;Gordon,LT;Wirtz,PW;Gawin,F
通讯作者：
Gawin,F
寻求治疗的可卡因滥用者的精神病学诊断。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rounsaville,BJ;Anton,SF;Carroll,K;Budde,D;Prusoff,BA;Gawin,F
通讯作者：
Gawin,F
酒精在可卡因依赖中的作用。
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-1648-8_1
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism
影响因子：
--
作者：
Khalsa,H;Paredes,A;Anglin,MD
通讯作者：
Anglin,MD