Mechanisms for maintaining cell shape in rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria.
Mechanisms for maintaining cell shape in rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria.
复制标题
在杆状革兰氏阴性细菌中维持细胞形状的机制。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07616.x
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Huang KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Furchtgott L;Wingreen NS;Huang KC
对于杆状革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌，细胞形状的变化对运动性、免疫系统逃避、增殖和粘附具有重要影响。对于大多数细菌来说，肽聚糖细胞壁是决定细胞形状的必要和充分条件。然而，合成机器如何组装具有稳健维持的微米级形状的肽聚糖网络仍然难以捉摸。为了探索形状维持，我们量化了三种革兰氏阴性细菌在不同遗传背景和抑制分裂的抗生素存在下细胞形状的稳健性。建立在以前的建模表明机械力在形状调节中的突出作用，我们引入了一个生物物理模型的杆状细胞的生长动力学研究的肽聚糖合成，聚糖链的生物化学，和机械拉伸插入过程中的空间调控的作用。我们的研究表明，棒状的维护需要插入是不敏感的细胞壁密度和应力的波动，甚至一个简单的螺旋插入模式是足够的超过六倍的伸长没有显着的形状损失。此外，我们表明，新插入的链的长度和预拉伸调节细胞的宽度。总之，我们表明，简单的物理规则可以让细菌实现强大的，形状保持的细胞壁生长。
For the rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, changes in cell shape have critical consequences for motility, immune system evasion, proliferation, and adhesion. For most bacteria, the peptidoglycan cell wall is both necessary and sufficient to determine cell shape. However, how the synthesis machinery assembles a peptidoglycan network with a robustly maintained micron-scale shape has remained elusive. To explore shape maintenance, we have quantified the robustness of cell shape in three Gram-negative bacteria in different genetic backgrounds and in the presence of an antibiotic that inhibits division. Building on previous modeling suggesting a prominent role for mechanical forces in shape regulation, we introduce a biophysical model for the growth dynamics of rod-shaped cells to investigate the roles of spatial regulation of peptidoglycan synthesis, glycan-strand biochemistry, and mechanical stretching during insertion. Our studies reveal that rod-shape maintenance requires insertion to be insensitive to fluctuations in cell-wall density and stress, and even a simple helical pattern of insertion is sufficient for over six-fold elongation without significant loss in shape. In addition, we demonstrate that both the length and prestretching of newly inserted strands regulate cell width. In sum, we show that simple physical rules can allow bacteria to achieve robust, shape-preserving cell-wall growth.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Cayley, DS;Guttman, HJ;Record, MT Jr
通讯作者：
Record, MT Jr
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0805309105
发表时间：
2008-12-09
影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0604503103
发表时间：
2006-07-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kim, So Yeon;Gitai, Zemer;Moerner, W. E.
通讯作者：
Moerner, W. E.