Familiar faces rendered strange: Why inconsistent realism drives characters into the uncanny valley.
Familiar faces rendered strange: Why inconsistent realism drives characters into the uncanny valley.
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DOI：
10.1167/16.11.7
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
MacDorman KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chattopadhyay D;MacDorman KF
与真人相似的电脑模拟角色有时会引发冷酷、诡异的感觉。这种效果被称为诡异谷，被归因于不确定这个角色是人还是活着的，还是真实的。然而，不确定性既不能解释为什么拟人化的人物会躺在诡异的山谷里，也不能解释他们特有的诡异。我们认为，现实主义的不一致导致拟人化的人物看起来不熟悉，尽管他们的外表与真实的人相似，这是由于知觉的缩小。我们进一步提出，他们不熟悉的、虚假的外表会引起冷酷、诡异的感觉，从而激发威胁回避。在我们的实验中，365名参与者对物体、动物和人类进行了分类和评级，这些物体、动物和人类的现实主义是通过一致性降低和控制过渡来操纵的。这些数据被用来量化分类感知的贝叶斯模型。在假设检验中，我们发现，降低现实主义一致性并不会让物体看起来不那么熟悉，而是只会让动物和人类看起来不那么熟悉，从而引发冰冷、诡异的感觉。接下来，结构方程模型阐明了现实主义不一致性(在受初级视觉皮质启发的二维Morlet小波域中客观测量)、现实主义、熟悉感、诡异和温暖之间的关系。减少现实主义的一致性只会引起对拟人化人物的冷酷而诡异的感觉，而且只有当它减少了熟悉度时，这一事实表明了知觉缩小在诡异山谷中的作用。
Computer-modeled characters resembling real people sometimes elicit cold, eerie feelings. This effect, called the uncanny valley, has been attributed to uncertainty about whether the character is human or living or real. Uncertainty, however, neither explains why anthropomorphic characters lie in the uncanny valley nor their characteristic eeriness. We propose that realism inconsistency causes anthropomorphic characters to appear unfamiliar, despite their physical similarity to real people, owing to perceptual narrowing. We further propose that their unfamiliar, fake appearance elicits cold, eerie feelings, motivating threat avoidance. In our experiment, 365 participants categorized and rated objects, animals, and humans whose realism was manipulated along consistency-reduced and control transitions. These data were used to quantify a Bayesian model of categorical perception. In hypothesis testing, we found reducing realism consistency did not make objects appear less familiar, but only animals and humans, thereby eliciting cold, eerie feelings. Next, structural equation models elucidated the relation among realism inconsistency (measured objectively in a two-dimensional Morlet wavelet domain inspired by the primary visual cortex), realism, familiarity, eeriness, and warmth. The fact that reducing realism consistency only elicited cold, eerie feelings toward anthropomorphic characters, and only when it lessened familiarity, indicates the role of perceptual narrowing in the uncanny valley.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Ferrey AE;Burleigh TJ;Fenske MJ
通讯作者：
Fenske MJ
DOI：
10.1080/10705519909540118
发表时间：
1999-01-01
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0144
发表时间：
2004-05-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Rabie, T