The core FOXG1 syndrome phenotype consists of postnatal microcephaly, severe mental retardation, absent language, dyskinesia, and corpus callosum hypogenesis.

The core FOXG1 syndrome phenotype consists of postnatal microcephaly, severe mental retardation, absent language, dyskinesia, and corpus callosum hypogenesis.
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FOXG1 综合征的核心表型包括出生后小头畸形、严重智力低下、语言缺失、运动障碍和胼胝体发育不全。

DOI:
10.1136/jmg.2010.087528
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发表时间:
2011-06
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Dobyns WB
Dobyns WB
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kortüm F;Das S;Flindt M;Morris-Rosendahl DJ;Stefanova I;Goldstein A;Horn D;Klopocki E;Kluger G;Martin P;Rauch A;Roumer A;Saitta S;Walsh LE;Wieczorek D;Uyanik G;Kutsche K;Dobyns WB

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据报道,患有 Rett 综合征先天性变异型发育障碍的患者存在 14q12 跨越 FOXG1 的亚显微缺失或基因内突变。我们的目的是进一步表征和描述 FOXG1 突变阳性患者的表型。我们通过荧光原位杂交绘制了 2;14 易位的断点,并通过细胞遗传学分析和/或阵列 CGH 分析了 14q12 中的三个染色体重排。我们对 210 名患者的 FOXG1 基因进行了测序,其中包括 129 名患有不明原因发育障碍的患者和 81 名 MECP2 突变阴性个体。我们报告了 2 名患者中发现的 1 种已知突变,以及 9 种新的 FOXG1 突变,包括 2 种缺失、2 种破坏或取代 FOXG1 假定顺式调控元件的染色体重排,以及 7 种序列变化。对我们的 11 名患者以及文献中报道的另外 15 名患者的分析显示出一系列复杂的特征,包括轻度产后生长缺陷、严重产后小头畸形、严重精神发育迟滞且语言发育缺失、类似自闭症的社会互惠不足、综合刻板印象和明显的运动障碍、癫痫、睡眠模式不佳、婴儿期烦躁、无法解释的哭闹、反复误吸和胃食管反流。反流。脑成像研究显示额叶脑回模式简化、白质体积减少、胼胝体发育不全以及额叶轻度肥大。我们显着扩大了 FOXG1 突变的数量,并确定了两个可能影响的顺式调控元件。虽然患者的表型与经典 Rett 综合征和先天性 Rett 综合征重叠,但广泛的临床评估表明其具有独特且临床可识别的表型,我们建议将其指定为 FOXG1 综合征。
Submicroscopic deletions in 14q12 spanning FOXG1 or intragenic mutations have been reported in patients with a developmental disorder described as a congenital variant of Rett syndrome. We aimed to further characterize and delineate the phenotype of FOXG1-mutation positive patients. We mapped the breakpoints of a 2;14 translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization and analyzed three chromosome rearrangements in 14q12 by cytogenetic analysis and/or array CGH. We sequenced the FOXG1 gene in 210 patients, including 129 patients with unexplained developmental disorders and 81 MECP2-mutation negative individuals. We report one known mutation, seen in 2 patients, and 9 novel mutations of FOXG1 including 2 deletions, 2 chromosome rearrangements disrupting or displacing putative cis-regulatory elements from FOXG1, and 7 sequence changes. Analysis of our 11 patients, and further 15 patients reported in the literature, demonstrates a complex constellation of features including mild postnatal growth deficiency, severe postnatal microcephaly, severe mental retardation with absent language development, deficient social reciprocity resembling autism, combined stereotypies and frank dyskinesias, epilepsy, poor sleep patterns, irritability in infancy, unexplained episodes of crying, recurrent aspiration, and gastroesophageal reflux. Brain imaging studies reveal simplified gyral pattern and reduced white matter volume in the frontal lobes, corpus callosum hypogenesis, and variable mild frontal pachgyria. We significantly expanded the number of FOXG1 mutations and identified two affecting possible cis-regulatory elements. While the phenotype of the patients overlaps both classic and congenital Rett syndrome, extensive clinical evaluation demonstrates a distinctive and clinically recognizable phenotype which we suggest to designate as the FOXG1 syndrome.
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