Virulence phenotypes result from interactions between pathogen ploidy and genetic background
Virulence phenotypes result from interactions between pathogen ploidy and genetic background
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毒力表型是由病原体倍性和遗传背景之间的相互作用产生的
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.6619
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hickman, Meleah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feistel, Dorian J.;Elmostafa, Rema;Hickman, Meleah A.
研究真菌毒力通常具有挑战性，并且通常取决于许多背景，包括宿主免疫状态和病原体遗传背景。然而，倍性的作用往往被忽视，在研究真核病原体的毒力。由于真菌病原体，包括人类机会致病菌白色念珠菌，可以显示广泛的倍性变异，评估倍性如何影响毒力具有重要的临床意义。作为一种机会致病菌，白色念珠菌在健康个体中引起非致命的浅表感染，但在免疫功能受损的个体中引起危及生命的血流感染。在这里，我们通过表征四对近等基因二倍体和四倍体菌株的毒力表型，确定了白色念珠菌的倍性和遗传背景如何影响健康和免疫功能低下线虫宿主的毒力表型，其中包括实验室和临床遗传背景。我们发现白色念珠菌感染降低了宿主的存活率，并对宿主的繁殖产生了负面影响，我们利用这两种方法来调查多种白色念珠菌菌株的致死性和非致死性毒力表型。在这项研究中，我们发现，无论病原体倍性或遗传背景，免疫功能低下的主机更容易受到真菌感染相比，健康的主机。此外，对于每种宿主环境，我们发现白念珠菌的遗传背景和倍性在毒力表型上存在显著的相互作用，但没有观察到二倍体和四倍体病原体之间的全局差异。
Studying fungal virulence is often challenging and frequently depends on many contexts, including host immune status and pathogen genetic background. However, the role of ploidy has often been overlooked when studying virulence in eukaryotic pathogens. Since fungal pathogens, including the human opportunistic pathogenCandida albicans, can display extensive ploidy variation, assessing how ploidy impacts virulence has important clinical relevance. As an opportunistic pathogen,C. albicanscauses nonlethal, superficial infections in healthy individuals, but life‐threatening bloodstream infections in individuals with compromised immune function. Here, we determined how both ploidy and genetic background ofC. albicansimpacts virulence phenotypes in healthy and immunocompromised nematode hosts by characterizing virulence phenotypes in four near‐isogenic diploid and tetraploid pairs of strains, which included both laboratory and clinical genetic backgrounds. We found thatC. albicansinfections decreased host survival and negatively impacted host reproduction, and we leveraged these two measures to survey both lethal and nonlethal virulence phenotypes across the multipleC. albicansstrains. In this study, we found that regardless of pathogen ploidy or genetic background, immunocompromised hosts were susceptible to fungal infection compared to healthy hosts. Furthermore, for each host context, we found a significant interaction betweenC. albicansgenetic background and ploidy on virulence phenotypes, but no global differences between diploid and tetraploid pathogens were observed.
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作者：
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作者：
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