Characterization and practical use of self-compatibility in outcrossing grass species.
Characterization and practical use of self-compatibility in outcrossing grass species.
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异交禾本科植物自亲和性的特性及实际应用。
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcab043
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发表时间：
2021-06-24
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Thorogood D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cropano C;Place I;Manzanares C;Do Canto J;Lübberstedt T;Studer B;Thorogood D
自交不亲和性（SI）系统阻止了禾本科植物的自交受精，其中许多是经济上重要的饲料，生物能源和草坪草。自交不亲和性确保了异花授粉和遗传多样性，但限制了修复有用遗传变异的能力。在大多数近交作物中，可以通过自花授粉开发高性能的纯合亲本系，然后能够产生具有更高性能的F1杂交品种，这种现象称为杂种优势。不能充分利用杂种优势在异交草是部分负责较低水平的改善育种计划相比，自交系作物。然而，SI可以在牧草中克服，以创建自交亲和群体。这引起了人们对理解自交亲和性（SC）的遗传基础，其对生殖策略的意义及其对作物改良的利用，特别是在F1杂交育种的背景下的兴趣。本文综述了异交禾本科植物SI和SC的研究进展。我们回顾了目前可用的基因组工具和方法来发现和表征新的SC来源。我们讨论的机会，几乎没有探索异交草，SC促进。具体而言，我们讨论了广泛的SC渗入的背景下，百合属，羊茅复杂和使用SC开发永生化的映射群体解剖的广泛的农艺学上重要的性状的策略。这些种质资源是一种宝贵的实用资源，有助于了解主要温带牧草近交衰退和杂种优势的基础。更好地了解额外的SC基因座的遗传控制提供了新的见解SI系统，它们的进化起源和生殖意义。杂合异交的禾本科物种，可以很容易地自交有利于杂种优势的研究。此外，SC引入到一系列草种中将使杂种优势能够以创新的方式在遗传改良计划中得到利用。
Self-incompatibility (SI) systems prevent self-fertilization in several species of Poaceae, many of which are economically important forage, bioenergy and turf grasses. Self-incompatibility ensures cross-pollination and genetic diversity but restricts the ability to fix useful genetic variation. In most inbred crops it is possible to develop high-performing homozygous parental lines by self-pollination, which then enables the creation of F1 hybrid varieties with higher performance, a phenomenon known as heterosis. The inability to fully exploit heterosis in outcrossing grasses is partially responsible for lower levels of improvement in breeding programmes compared with inbred crops. However, SI can be overcome in forage grasses to create self-compatible populations. This is generating interest in understanding the genetical basis of self-compatibility (SC), its significance for reproductive strategies and its exploitation for crop improvement, especially in the context of F1 hybrid breeding. We review the literature on SI and SC in outcrossing grass species. We review the currently available genomic tools and approaches used to discover and characterize novel SC sources. We discuss opportunities barely explored for outcrossing grasses that SC facilitates. Specifically, we discuss strategies for wide SC introgression in the context of the Lolium–Festuca complex and the use of SC to develop immortalized mapping populations for the dissection of a wide range of agronomically important traits. The germplasm available is a valuable practical resource and will aid understanding the basis of inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour in key temperate forage grass species. A better understanding of the genetic control of additional SC loci offers new insight into SI systems, their evolutionary origins and their reproductive significance. Heterozygous outcrossing grass species that can be readily selfed facilitate studies of heterosis. Moreover, SC introduction into a range of grass species will enable heterosis to be exploited in innovative ways in genetic improvement programmes.
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