Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria.
Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature16461
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发表时间：
2015-12-24
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Wagner, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daims, Holger;Lebedeva, Elena V.;Pjevac, Petra;Han, Ping;Herbold, Craig;Albertsen, Mads;Jehmlich, Nico;Palatinszky, Marton;Vierheilig, Julia;Bulaev, Alexandr;Kirkegaard, Rasmus H.;von Bergen, Martin;Rattei, Thomas;Bendinger, Bernd;Nielsen, Per H.;Wagner, Michael
硝化作用是由化能自养微生物催化的氨或亚硝酸盐氧化的两步过程。没有已知的硝化菌进行这两个步骤，尽管完全硝化在能量上应该是有利的。这种功能上的分离困扰了微生物学家世纪。在这里，我们报告的发现和培养的一个完全硝化细菌属Nitrospira，一个全球性分布的亚硝酸盐氧化组。这种化能无机自养生物的基因组编码氨和亚硝酸盐氧化的途径，这是伴随着在生长过程中由氨氧化成硝酸盐。与Nitrospira的遗传学上不同的氨单加氧酶和羟胺脱氢酶基因相关的基因存在于许多环境中，并且在来自工程化系统的新宏基因组中的Nitrospira重叠群上检索。这些发现从根本上改变了我们对硝化作用的认识，并指出完全硝化硝化螺菌是氮循环微生物群落的关键组成部分。
Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate, has always been considered as a two-step process catalyzed by chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms oxidizing either ammonia or nitrite. No known nitrifier carries out both steps, although complete nitrification should be energetically advantageous. This functional separation has puzzled microbiologists for a century. Here we report on the discovery and cultivation of a completely nitrifying bacterium from the genus Nitrospira, a globally distributed group of nitrite oxidizers. The genome of this chemolithoautotrophic organism encodes both the pathways for ammonia and nitrite oxidation, which are concomitantly expressed during growth by ammonia oxidation to nitrate. Genes affiliated with the phylogenetically distinct ammonia monooxygenase and hydroxylamine dehydrogenase genes of Nitrospira are present in many environments and were retrieved on Nitrospira-contigs in new metagenomes from engineered systems. These findings fundamentally change our picture of nitrification and point to completely nitrifying Nitrospira as key components of nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.
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