Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based climate action
Harnessing employment-based social assistance programmes to scale up nature-based climate action
复制标题
利用基于就业的社会援助计划扩大基于自然的气候行动
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0127
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Norton A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norton A
随着全球不平等、气候变化和生物多样性丧失这三重挑战的严重性变得更加清晰，各国政府和国际发展机构必须找到有效的政策工具来应对。我们在此背景下研究社会援助政策的潜力。社会援助是指向贫困、弱势和边缘化群体提供资金，以减少他们的脆弱性和生计风险，并提高他们的权利和地位。大量公共资金支持全球的社会援助方案。低收入和中等收入国家每年将国内生产总值的约1.5%用于社会援助。我们专注于有偿就业计划的潜力，以促进有效的生态系统管理。现有证据表明，这些方案可以在改善当地生态系统和自然资本、固碳和保护当地生物多样性方面带来多重效益。我们回顾了三个关键案例研究的证据：印度（圣雄甘地国家农村就业保障计划），埃塞俄比亚（生产安全网计划）和墨西哥（临时就业计划）。我们的结论是，要实现以就业为基础的社会援助对生态系统惠益的潜力，就必须应对两个挑战：第一，许多计划中地方公共工程产出的设计和维护薄弱，第二，人们担心，如果社会保障计划因额外目标而负担过重，其效力可能会降低。要克服这些挑战，就需要发展提供社会援助的制度体系，以便更有效地结合社会和环境目标。本文是“气候变化与生态系统：威胁、机遇和解决方案”主题的一部分。
As the severity of the triple challenges of global inequality, climate change and biodiversity loss becomes clearer, governments and international development institutions must find effective policy instruments to respond. We examine the potential of social assistance policies in this context. Social assistance refers to transfers to poor, vulnerable and marginalized groups to reduce their vulnerability and livelihood risks, and to enhance their rights and status. Substantial public funds support social assistance programmes globally. Collectively, lower- and middle-income countries spend approximately 1.5% of their GDP on social assistance annually. We focus on the potential of paid employment schemes to promote effective ecosystem stewardship. Available evidence suggests such programmes can offer multiple benefits in terms of improvements in local ecosystems and natural capital, carbon sequestration and local biodiversity conservation. We review evidence from three key case studies: in India (the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme), Ethiopia (the Productive Safety Nets Programme) and Mexico (the Temporary Employment Programme). We conclude that, to realize the potential of employment-based social assistance for ecosystem benefits it will be necessary to address two challenges: first, the weak design and maintenance of local public works outputs in many schemes, and second, the concern that social protection schemes may become less effective if they are overburdened with additional objectives. Overcoming these challenges requires an evolution of institutional systems for delivering social assistance to enable a more effective combination of social and environmental objectives.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Andersson, Camilla;Mekonnen, Alemu;Stage, Jesper
通讯作者：
Stage, Jesper
墨西哥自然保护区参与性可持续发展指标的制定
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Nathalia Santana;S. Franco;E. Sánchez;J. Imbernon;G. Nava
通讯作者：
G. Nava
世界上最大的社会安全网及其成果与可持续发展目标的整体关联
DOI：
10.1080/13504509.2018.1519492
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
D. Giribabu;C. Mohapatra;C. Reddy;P. V.V. Prasada Rao
通讯作者：
P. V.V. Prasada Rao
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
William I. Torry
通讯作者：
William I. Torry
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2706536
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Labor: Public Policy & Regulation eJournal
影响因子：
--
作者：
David Card;Jochen Kluve;A. Weber
通讯作者：
A. Weber