RNA polymerase backtracking in gene regulation and genome instability.
RNA polymerase backtracking in gene regulation and genome instability.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.003
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发表时间:
2012-06-22
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Nudler E
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nudler E
RNA polymerase is a ratchet machine that oscillates between productive and backtracked states at numerous DNA positions. The amount of backtracking (reversible sliding of the enzyme along DNA and RNA) varies from one to many nucleotides. Since its first description 15 years ago, backtracking has been implicated in a plethora of critical processes in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Here we review the most fundamental roles of this phenomenon in controlling transcription elongation, pausing, termination, fidelity, and genome instability. We also discuss recent progress in understanding the structural and mechanistic properties of the backtracking process.
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