RNA polymerase backtracking in gene regulation and genome instability.

RNA polymerase backtracking in gene regulation and genome instability.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.003
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发表时间:
2012-06-22
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Nudler E
Nudler E
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nudler E

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RNA聚合酶是一个棘轮机器,在许多DNA位置上在生产状态和倒退状态之间振荡。回溯的数量(酶沿着DNA和RNA的可逆滑动)从一个到多个核苷酸不等。自15年前首次描述以来,回溯已涉及细菌和真核细胞的大量关键过程。在这里,我们回顾了这一现象在控制转录延伸、暂停、终止、保真度和基因组不稳定性方面的最基本作用。我们还讨论了在理解回溯过程的结构和力学性质方面的最新进展。
RNA polymerase is a ratchet machine that oscillates between productive and backtracked states at numerous DNA positions. The amount of backtracking (reversible sliding of the enzyme along DNA and RNA) varies from one to many nucleotides. Since its first description 15 years ago, backtracking has been implicated in a plethora of critical processes in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Here we review the most fundamental roles of this phenomenon in controlling transcription elongation, pausing, termination, fidelity, and genome instability. We also discuss recent progress in understanding the structural and mechanistic properties of the backtracking process.
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