Post-translational modification: nature's escape from genetic imprisonment and the basis for dynamic information encoding.
Post-translational modification: nature's escape from genetic imprisonment and the basis for dynamic information encoding.
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DOI：
10.1002/wsbm.1185
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Gunawardena, Jeremy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prabakaran, Sudhakaran;Lippens, Guy;Steen, Hanno;Gunawardena, Jeremy
我们讨论蛋白质翻译后修饰（PTM）从信息处理的角度。蛋白质上多个位点的PTM在潜在的“修饰形式”或修饰的全局模式的数量上产生组合爆炸。不同的mod-形式可以引起不同的下游响应，使得总体响应部分地取决于特定mod-形式引起响应的有效性，部分地取决于分子群体中该mod-形式的化学计量。我们引入了“模形式分布”-每个模形式的相对化学计量-作为蛋白质状态的最具信息性的度量。不同的模态分布可以总结关于不同的细胞和生理条件的信息，并允许下游过程相应地解释该信息。这种信息“编码”的PTM可能会促进进化，削弱需要直接链接上游条件下游的反应。模态形式的分布提供了一个定量的框架，在其中解释的想法“PTM代码”，出现在生物学的几个领域，我们通过审查离子通道，GPCR，微管和转录辅助调节的例子。我们特别关注的例子以外的众所周知的“组蛋白代码”，强调普遍使用的信息编码在分子生物学。最后，我们简单地讨论了测量模态分布的新方法。
We discuss protein post-translational modification (PTM) from an information processing perspective. PTM at multiple sites on a protein creates a combinatorial explosion in the number of potential “mod-forms”, or global patterns of modification. Distinct mod-forms can elicit distinct downstream responses, so that the overall response depends partly on the effectiveness of a particular mod-form to elicit a response and partly on the stoichiometry of that mod-form in the molecular population. We introduce the “mod-form distribution”—the relative stoichiometries of each mod-form—as the most informative measure of a protein’s state. Distinct mod-form distributions may summarise information about distinct cellular and physiological conditions and allow downstream processes to interpret this information accordingly. Such information “encoding” by PTMs may facilitate evolution by weakening the need to directly link upstream conditions to downstream responses. Mod-form distributions provide a quantitative framework in which to interpret ideas of “PTM codes” that are emerging in several areas of biology, as we show by reviewing examples of ion channels, GPCRs, microtubules and transcriptional co-regulators. We focus particularly on examples other than the well known “histone code”, to emphasise the pervasive use of information encoding in molecular biology. Finally, we touch briefly on new methods for measuring mod-form distributions.
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