Mouse-based genetic modeling and analysis of Down syndrome.

Mouse-based genetic modeling and analysis of Down syndrome.
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基于小鼠的唐氏综合症遗传建模和分析。

DOI:
10.1093/bmb/ldw040
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Yu,YEugene
Yu,YEugene
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xing,Zhuo;Li,Yichen;Pao,Annie;Bennett,AbigailS;Tycko,Benjamin;Mobley,WilliamC;Yu,YEugene

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由人类21三体(Ts21)引起的唐氏综合征(DS)可被认为是了解染色体非整倍体在其他疾病中作用的典型模型。人类21号染色体(Hsa21)与小鼠基因组中的三个区域共时保守。数据来源DS的遗传建模和分析的最新进展回顾。利用Cre/loxP介导的染色体工程,最近已经产生了大量新的DS小鼠模型,这有助于更好地了解DS的发病机制。基于进化保守的一致区域,Ts21可以通过在小鼠中设计Hsa21共线区的三倍体来建模。DS相关表型的展示支持了模型的有效性。争议领域尽管已经取得了实质性的进展,但要揭示各种临床表型背后的特定候选基因和分子机制的相对重要性仍然是一个挑战。在人类研究的同时,基于小鼠模型数据对机制的进一步理解可能会导致针对Ts21临床表现的新疗法,并深入了解非整倍体在其他发育障碍和癌症中的作用。
Introduction Down syndrome (DS), caused by human trisomy 21 (Ts21), can be considered as a prototypical model for understanding the effects of chromosomal aneuploidies in other diseases. Human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is syntenically conserved with three regions in the mouse genome. Sources of data A review of recent advances in genetic modeling and analysis of DS. Using Cre/loxP-mediated chromosome engineering, a substantial number of new mouse models of DS have recently been generated, which facilitates better understanding of disease mechanisms in DS. Areas of agreement Based on evolutionary conservation, Ts21 can be modeled by engineered triplication of Hsa21 syntenic regions in mice. The validity of the models is supported by the exhibition of DS-related phenotypes. Areas of controversy Although substantial progress has been made, it remains a challenge to unravel the relative importance of specific candidate genes and molecular mechanisms underlying the various clinical phenotypes. Growing points Further understanding of mechanisms based on data from mouse models, in parallel with human studies, may lead to novel therapies for clinical manifestations of Ts21 and insights to the roles of aneuploidies in other developmental disorders and cancers.
与衰老相关的器质性脑综合征的神经病理学
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